Zimmermanserrano0849

The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence, types and severity of malocclusions in children with speech sound disorder (SSD) persisting after 6years of age, and to compare these findings to a control group of children with typical speech development (TSD).

In total, 105 children were included 61 with SSD and motor speech involvement (mean age 85 ± 28years; range 60-167years, 14 girls and 47 boys) and 44 children with TSD (mean age 88 ± 16; range 60-122years, 19 girls and 25 boys). Extra-oral and intra-oral examinations were performed by an orthodontist. The severity of malocclusion was scored using the IOTN-DHC Index.

There were differences between the SSD and TSD groups with regard to the prevalence, type, and severity of malocclusions; 61% of the children in the SSD group had a malocclusion, as compared to 29% in the TSD group. In addition, the malocclusions in the SSD group were rated as more severe. Functional posterior crossbite and habitual lateral and/or anterior shift appeared more frequently in the SSD group. Class III malocclusion, anterior open bite and scissors bite were found only in the SSD group.

Children with SSD and motor speech involvement are more likely to have a higher prevalence of and more severe malocclusions than children with TSD.

Children with SSD and motor speech involvement are more likely to have a higher prevalence of and more severe malocclusions than children with TSD.In the current century, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, are the most important cause of mortality all over the world. Given the effect of the built environment on people's health, the present study seeks to conduct a systematic review in order to investigate the relationship between urban form and these four major NCDs as well as their main risk factors. Two independent reviewers in November 2020 after an extensive search through PubMed and Scopus identified 77 studies. Studies published in English were included if they addressed one or more attributes of urban form in relation to any major NCDs and their main risk factors. Publication date, country, geographical scale, study design, methods of built environment measurement, and findings of the relationships among variables were extracted from eligible studies. The findings suggest that the elements of urban form (density, transportation and accessibility, characteristics of building and streetscape, land use, spatial layouts and configuration) could increase or inhibit these diseases through their effect on physical activity, diet, air pollution, blood pressure, and obesity. However, there are study shortages, contradictions, and ambiguities in these relationships which are mainly due to methodological and conceptual challenges. As a result, more in-depth research is needed to achieve solid and consistent results that could be made into clear guidelines for planning and designing healthier cities.

There is a paucity of the literature on the relationship between frailty and excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The entire community-dwelling adult population of Ontario, Canada, as of January 1st, 2018, was identified using the Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team (CANHEART) cohort. Residents of long-term care facilities were excluded. Frailty was categorized through the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG® System) frailty indicator. Follow-up was until December 31st, 2020, with March 11th, 2020, indicating the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using multivariable Cox models with patient age as the timescale, we determined the relationship between frailty status and pandemic period on all-cause mortality. We evaluated the modifier effect of frailty using both stratified models as well as incorporating an interaction between frailty and the pandemic period.

We identified 11,481,391 persons in our cohort, of whom 3.2% were frail based on the ACG indicator. Crude mortality increased from 0.75 to 0.87% per 100 person years from the pre- to post-pandemic period, translating to ~ 13,800 excess deaths among the community-dwelling adult population of Ontario (HR 1.11 95% CI 1.09-1.11). Frailty was associated with a statistically significant increase in all-cause mortality (HR 3.02, 95% CI 2.99-3.06). However, all-cause mortality increased similarly during the pandemic in frail (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.16) and non-frail (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13-1.17) persons.

Although frailty was associated with greater mortality, frailty did not modify the excess mortality associated with the pandemic.

Although frailty was associated with greater mortality, frailty did not modify the excess mortality associated with the pandemic.

Elastic band exercise not only improves muscle strength and elasticity, increases efficiency, balance, and quality of life but also decreases the injury risk. This study was conducted to determine the effect of elastic band exercise on pain, kinesiophobia, functional, and psychological status after total knee arthroplasty.

This study was conducted out between October 2019 and April 2020 as a randomized controlled experimental study with a total of 60 patients. Data collection tools in this study included a descriptive information form, visual analog scale, Tampa Kinesiophobia, WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, and Beck Depression Inventory.

Before intervention, the total score of VAS, WOMAC, Tampa Kinesiophobia, and Beck Depression showed no statistically significant difference between intervention group and control group. However, 4weeks after intervention observed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of VAS (U = 10,000; p < 0.001), WOMAC (U = 0.00; p981106) Key points • Patients with total knee arthroplasty require rehabilitation exercise to avoid physical function weakness. • Elastic band exercise significantly reduces patients' fear of movement and depression. • Elastic band exercise activities facilitate significant physical motion function. • Elastic band exercise inspires the will of patients to engage in home rehabilitation exercise patients after total knee arthroplasty.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients compared to healthy controls.

We performed a cross-sectional study including SpA patients aged ≤ 50years without traditional cardiovascular risk factors and healthy controls matched for age and gender. Baseline characteristics, laboratory data, and SpA-related parameters were recorded. All participants underwent ultrasound examination with measurement of EAT thickness, FMD, and cIMT by both an experienced cardiologist and radiologist blinded to clinical data. The relationships between the ultrasound measurements were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient and Person correlation.

The study included 94 subjects (47 SpA and 47 healthy controls). The sex-ratio was 2.35; the median age of patients was 36years (IQR 28-46), and the median disease duration was 11years (IQR 5-16). Compared to the control n spondyloarthritis patients.

EAT thickness, FMD, and cIMT were significantly impaired in SpA patients compared with healthy controls supporting evidence of accelerated atherosclerosis in SpA. EAT thickness was correlated to endothelial dysfunction suggesting the role of EAT in predicting the early reversible stages of atherosclerosis. Key Points • Spondyloarthritis is associated with impaired subclinical atherosclerosis markers accurately increased epicardial fat and carotid intima-media thickness and endothelial dysfunction. • Increased epicardial fat thickness is correlated with impaired endothelial function in spondyloarthritis patients.Plasma potassium regulation within a narrow range is vital for life. The risk for hyperkalemia increases when kidney function is impaired and with therapeutic interventions such as mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). The kidney maintains potassium homeostasis by matching potassium intake and excretion, in part through the action of aldosterone. A mechanistic mathematical model was developed and used to investigate the effect of renal impairment and MRAs on plasma potassium levels. The model describes renal potassium filtration, reabsorption, and secretion along the nephron; potassium-aldosterone regulatory feedbacks; whole body potassium balance; and the pharmacologic effects of MRAs. The model was calibrated by fitting (1) the plasma potassium and aldosterone response to potassium infusion in humans on high/low potassium diets, and (2) the acute potassium excretion response to spironolactone. C-176 The model was validated by predicting steady-state plasma potassium with sustained spironolactone treatment in hyperaldosteronism patients. The model was then used to demonstrate that (1) declining renal function alone has a small effect on plasma potassium for GFR > 30 ml/min, but an increasing effect as GFR approaches end stage renal disease (GFR ~ 15 ml/min) (2) the effect of increasing potassium intake has minimal effect at normal GFRs but increasing effect on plasma potassium as GFR declines, and 3) MRAs have a minor effect on plasma potassium when GFR is normal, but cause larger increases as GFR falls below 60 ml/min. This model provides a quantitative framework for investigating integrated impacts of diseases and therapies in this complex system.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have a crucial function in affecting the susceptibility of individuals to diseases and also determine how an individual responds to different treatment options. The present study aimed to predict and characterize deleterious missense nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of lysozyme C (LYZ C) gene using different computational methods. Lyz C is an important antimicrobial peptide capable of damaging the peptidoglycan layer of bacteria leading to osmotic shock and cell death. The nsSNPs were first analyzed by SIFT and PolyPhen v2 tools. The nsSNPs predicted as deleterious were then assessed by other in silico tools - SNAP, PROVEAN, PhD-SNP, and SNPs & GO. These SNPs were further examined by I-Mutant 3.0 and ConSurf. GeneMANIA and STRING tools were used to study the interaction network of the LYZ C gene. NetSurfP 2.0 was used to predict the secondary structure of Lyz C protein. The impact of variations on the structural characteristics of the protein was studied by HOPE analysi high-risk nsSNPs could be used as molecular targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

This study ascertained the deleterious missense nsSNPs of the LYZ C gene and could be used in further experimental analysis. These high-risk nsSNPs could be used as molecular targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Synthesized gallium nanoparticles synthesized by grape seed extract were characterized with spherical shape and size range less than100 nm, possessing the functional groups of the biological material. The purpose of this study is to evaluate gallium nanoparticles synthesized by grape seed extract, as an antitumor agent with low dose of γ-radiation against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

This work aimed to evaluate the antitumor effect of gallium nanoparticles synthesized (GaNPs) by grape seed extract and the co-binded treatment with low dose of γ-radiation on hepatocellular carcinoma in rats, through evaluating their effect on signaling pathways and tumor markers.

Cytotoxic activity of GaNPs synthesized by grape seed extract was estimated by mediated cytotoxicity assay on HepG2 cell line that recorded IC

of 388.8 μg/ml. To achieve these goals, eighty Wistar male rats (120-150 g) will be divided into eight groups, each of 10 rats. The animals are administered with diethylnitrosamine to induce hepatocellular carcinoma and then orally administered with GaNPs synthesized by grape seed extract (38.