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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. This rapid systematic review synthesised published reports of medical educational developments in response to the pandemic, considering descriptions of interventions, evaluation data and lessons learned.

The authors systematically searched four online databases and hand searched MedEdPublish up to 24 May 2020. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts, performed data extraction and assessed risk of bias for included articles. Discrepancies were resolved by a third author. A descriptive synthesis and outcomes were reported.

Forty-nine articles were included. The majority were from North America, Asia and Europe. Sixteen studies described Kirkpatrick's outcomes, with one study describing levels 1-3. A few papers were of exceptional quality, though the risk of bias framework generally revealed capricious reporting of underpinning theory, resources, setting, educational methods, and content. Key develope future.

This review highlights several areas of educational response in the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies a few articles of exceptional quality that can serve as models for future developments and educational reporting. There was often a lack of practical detail to support the educational community in enactment of novel interventions, as well as limited evaluation data. However, the range of options deployed offers much guidance for the medical education community moving forward and there was an indication that outcome data and greater detail will be reported in the future.Both osteogenesis and anti-inflammatory bioactive materials play a vital role in the regeneration of skeletal defects. Bone inflammation is hard to cure and can lead to malformation or amputation. The purpose of this study is to use anti-inflammatory drugs to endow polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with the dual ability to achieve anti-inflammatory effects while maintaining favorable biocompatibility. In this experiment, the porous PEEK was immersed in an aspirin (ASP) solution after sulfonation, and the obtained porous PEEK had significantly improved the anti-inflammatory abilities. Additionally, grafting the bone forming peptide (BFP) onto the porous PEEK can distinctly enchance the osteogenesis capability. The effects of the BFP polypeptide on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and ALP activity, and the effects of aspirin on inflammation were systematically investigated. The modified material showed favorable biocompatibility and osteogenic ability. The results suggest that the combination of the BFP polypeptide with aspirin may lead to a synergetic effect on the stimulation of osteogenesis and on the reduction of inflammation.

To compare the effectiveness of traditional and hybrid teaching strategies in pathophysiology and to conduct a survey of students' opinions about the hybrid teaching strategy.

A hybrid pathophysiology course was developed by combining traditional lectures, case- or problem-based learning, group discussion and several quizzes. A total of 167 students were assigned to the hybrid teaching group and 118 students assigned to the traditional lecture group.

Compared with students who received traditional lectures, no students in the hybrid teaching class failed the final examination. The percentage of students with high scores was significantly higher in the hybrid teaching class. In addition, 73.7% of students in the hybrid teaching class expressed substantial interest in pathophysiology during the course, and 83% of these students felt they had received essential training and acquired the ability to solve clinical case problems.

The hybrid teaching strategy is an advanced approach that encourages students to actively learn teaching materials and solve practical clinical problems, and that promotes student interest in pathophysiology.

The hybrid teaching strategy is an advanced approach that encourages students to actively learn teaching materials and solve practical clinical problems, and that promotes student interest in pathophysiology.Adult onset xanthogranulomatous disease is a rare orbital disease. IgG4-related disease is a systemic disease that can often manifest in the orbit. In this communication, we present the case of a patient with a xanthelasma-like lesion on the upper eyelid, and an enlarged lacrimal gland, which on biopsy was diagnosed as an orbital xanthogranuloma. Detailed serological workup showed that the patient was found to have elevated serum IgG4 levels. The orbital specimen was re-stained and found to be positive for IgG4. The patient was treated with oral steroids with partial resolution of the lesion. This is an interesting case of both histopathological adult onset xanthogranuloma (AOX) and IgG4-related orbital disease (IgG4-ROD). The early evidence suggests that the diagnosis of one of these disorders should point the physician to investigate for the presence of the other, especially if xanthogranulomatous disease is diagnosed first.

Utilization of self-pay vaccines worldwide is very low, especially in China; the reasons for this are unclear. We aimed to identify factors that impact the decision among Chinese mothers to utilize self-pay vaccines for their children.

Mothers who were hospitalized at two hospitals in Zhanjiang City and who agreed to participate by completing the required questionnaire were eligible for this study.

In total, 7518 respondents (n = 7592) completed the questionnaire and were included in this survey. The self-pay option was largely elected by mothers with one child, compared with those who had two or more children. Similarly, utilization by workers at government agencies and organizations was higher than that among factory workers or unemployed respondents. Mothers with a college degree or above had higher utilization than those with a high school level education or lower. The main issues affecting maternal decisions to utilize self-pay pediatric vaccines were safety, the protective effect, and the high cost.

Mothers with higher socioeconomic status were more inclined to self-pay for pediatric vaccines. Steps taken to enhance public awareness about the safety and protective benefits of self-pay vaccines, as well as lowering their cost will likely encourage broader utilization of these vaccines.

Mothers with higher socioeconomic status were more inclined to self-pay for pediatric vaccines. Steps taken to enhance public awareness about the safety and protective benefits of self-pay vaccines, as well as lowering their cost will likely encourage broader utilization of these vaccines.Design thinking is increasingly applied in healthcare and health professions education to generate innovative solutions to difficult problems. The design thinking framework helps individuals approach problems with a user-centered focus; the emphasis is on understanding the user experience, their challenges, and possible design solutions that are aligned with their needs. In this twelve tips paper, we describe strategies that health professions educators can use to prepare for, conduct, and support design thinking. These strategies may also be useful to learners, practitioners, and organizations to address complex problems.

Recently approved artificial intelligence (AI) software utilizes AI powered large vessel occlusion (LVO) detection technology which automatically identifies suspected LVO through CT angiogram (CTA) imaging and alerts on-call stroke teams. We performed this analysis to determine if utilization of AI software and workflow platform can reduce the transfer time (time interval between CTA at a primary stroke center (PSC) to door-in at a comprehensive stroke center (CSC)).

We compared the transfer time for all LVO transfer patients from a single spoke PSC to our CSC prior to and after incorporating AI Software (Viz.ai LVO). Using a prospectively collected stroke database at a CSC, demographics, mRS at discharge, mortality rate at discharge, length of stay (LOS) in hospital and neurological-ICU were examined.

There were a total of 43 patients during the study period (median age 72.0 ± 12.54 yrs., 51.16% women). Analysis of 28 patients from the pre-AI software (median age 73.5 ± 12.28 yrs., 46.4% women), and 15 patients from the post-AI software (median age 70.0 ± 13.29 yrs., 60.00% women). Following implementation of AI software, median CTA time at PSC to door-in at CSC was significantly reduced by an average of 22.5 min. (132.5 min versus 110 min; p = 0.0470).

The incorporation of AI software was associated with an improvement in transfer times for LVO patients as well as a reduction in the overall hospital LOS and LOS in the neurological-ICU. More extensive studies are warranted to expand on the ability of AI technology to improve transfer times and outcomes for LVO patients.

The incorporation of AI software was associated with an improvement in transfer times for LVO patients as well as a reduction in the overall hospital LOS and LOS in the neurological-ICU. More extensive studies are warranted to expand on the ability of AI technology to improve transfer times and outcomes for LVO patients.Cutaneous leiomyoma is an infrequently occurring benign smooth muscle neoplasm of skin. Piloleiomyoma, angioleiomyoma, and genital leiomyoma are the three forms of the cutaneous leiomyoma. Piloleiomyoma arises from arrector pili muscle and is commonly seen in the adult population. Congenital piloleiomyoma is extremely rare and has never been reported to arise from the eyelid. We report a case of a neonate presenting with upper eyelid mass lesion since birth causing mechanical ptosis. Incisional biopsy followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry established the diagnosis of piloleiomyoma. There was associated cryptorchidism in our case, a systemic association that has never been reported. Considering the benign nature of the lesion the child was kept under regular follow up without attempting any further removal.In response to the numerous challenges resident trainees currently face in their ability to competently acquire the requisite skills, knowledge and attitudes upon graduation, medical educators have looked to a competency-based medical education (CBME) approach as a possible solution. AUNP-12 molecular weight As CBME has already been implemented in many jurisdictions around the world, certain challenges in implementation have been experienced. One important challenge identified relates to how regulatory bodies can either assist or unintentionally hinder implementation. By examining the varied experiences from Canada, the USA and the Netherlands in implementing CBME, this paper identifies how regulatory bodies can support and advance worldwide efforts of furthering its implementation. If regulatory bodies restructure accreditation and regulatory criteria to align with CBME principles, work together in a coordinated fashion to ensure alignment of vital regulatory meaures throughout the training and practice continuum of a physician, and allow for (if not incentivize) individuals and programs to be innovative in adapting CBME to meet their local environments, it is likely that the worldwide implementation of CBME will occur successfully.