Zhoulaugesen3858

The two sugar molecules sucrose and trehalose are both considered as stabilizing molecules for the purpose of preserving biological materials during, for example, lyophilization or cryo-preservation. Although these molecules share a similar molecular structure, there are several important differences in their properties when they interact with water, such as differences in solubility, viscosity, and glass transition temperature. In general, trehalose has been shown to be more efficient than other sugar molecules in preserving different biological molecules against stress, and thus by investigating how these two disaccharides differ in their water interaction, it is possible to further understand what makes trehalose special in its stabilizing properties. For this purpose, the structure of aqueous solutions of these disaccharides was studied by using neutron and X-ray diffraction in combination with empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) modeling. The results show that there are surprisingly few differences in the overall structure of the solutions, although there are indications for that trehalose perturbs the water structure slightly more than sucrose.Exportin-1 (also named as CRM1) plays a prominent role in autoimmune disorders and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for colitis. Here we report on the rational structure-based discovery of a small-molecule antagonist of exportin-1, LFS-829, with low-range nanomolar activities. The co-crystallographic structure, surface plasmon resonance binding assay, and cell-based phenotypic nuclear export functional assay validated that exportin-1 is a key target of LFS-829. Moreover, we demonstrated that the C528S mutation or the knockdown on exportin-1 can abolish the cellular activities of LFS-829. Strikingly, oral administration of LFS-829 can significantly reverse the pathological features of colitis model mice. We revealed that LFS-829 can attenuate dual NF-κB signaling and the Nrf2 cytoprotection pathway via targeting exportin-1 in colitis mice. Moreover, LFS-829 has a very low risk of cardiotoxicity and acute toxicity. Therefore, LFS-829 holds great promise for the treatment of colitis and may warrant translation for use in clinical trials.Seven new daphnane-type diterpenoids, daphgenkins A-G (1-7), and 15 known analogues (8-22) were isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data and calculated ECD analyses. The cytotoxicities of all daphnane-type diterpenoids (1-22) obtained were evaluated against three human colon cancer cell lines (SW620, RKO, and LoVo). Compounds 1, 12, and 13 exhibited cytotoxic effects against the SW620 and RKO cell lines, with IC50 values in the range of 3.0-9.7 μM. The most active new compound, 1, with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM against SW620 cells, was evaluated further for its underlying molecular mechanism. Compound 1 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, leading to the induction of apoptosis in SW620 cells. Also, it induced cancer cell apoptosis by an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, activated cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, and upregulated PARP. Finally, compound 1 significantly inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in SW620 cells. Together, the results suggest that compound 1 may be a suitable lead compound for further biological evaluation.Conventional Li-ion cathodes store charge by reversible intercalation of Li coupled to metal cation redox. There has been increasing interest in new materials capable of accommodating more than one Li per transition-metal center, thereby yielding higher charge storage capacities. We demonstrate here that the lithium-rich layered iron sulfide Li2FeS2 as well as a new structural analogue, LiNaFeS2, reversibly store ≥1.5 electrons per formula unit and support extended cycling. Ex situ and operando structural and spectroscopic data indicate that delithiation results in reversible oxidation of Fe2+ concurrent with an increase in the covalency of the Fe-S interactions, followed by reversible anion redox 2 S2-/(S2)2-. S K-edge spectroscopy unequivocally proves the contribution of the anions to the redox processes. Scriptaid The structural response to the oxidation processes is found to be different in Li2FeS2 in contrast to that in LiNaFeS2, which we suggest is the cause for capacity fade in the early cycles of LiNaFeS2. The materials presented here have the added benefit of avoiding resource-sensitive transition metals such as Co and Ni. In contrast to Li-rich oxide materials that have been the subject of so much recent study and that suffer capacity fade and electrolyte degradation issues, the materials presented here operate within the stable potential window of the electrolyte, permitting a clearer understanding of the underlying processes.The balance between second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), together with phase-matchable behavior, is the key point for exploration of novel nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In this work, the NLO property of defect wurtzite-type hexagonal-In2Se3 (γ) is extensively explored first. It exhibits a strong SHG intensity of 2.6 × AgGaS2 (AGS) at 2.1 μm, and a high powder LIDT of 7.3 × AGS. From wurtzite to γ-In2Se3, the birefringence changes from 0.003 to 0.075, resulting in the phase-matchable phenomenon of γ-In2Se3. This is well ascribed to the contribution of the unique InSe5 unit in γ-In2Se3 from the result of birefringence calculation and analysis.Although perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising for next-generation displays and lighting, their efficiency is still considerably below that of conventional inorganic and organic counterparts. Significant efforts in various aspects of the electroluminescence process are required to achieve high-performance PeLEDs. Here, we present an improved flexible PeLED structure based on the rational interface engineering for energy-efficient photon generation and enhanced light outcoupling. The interface-stimulated crystallization and defect passivation of the perovskite emitter are synergistically realized by tuning the underlying interlayer, leading to the suppression of trap-mediated non-radiative recombination losses. Besides approaching highly emissive perovskite layer, the outcoupling of trapped light is also enhanced by combining the silver nanowires-based electrode with quasi-random nanopatterns on flexible plastic substrate. Upon the collective optimization of the device structure, a record external quantum efficiency of 24.