Zhoubarnes2769

Longitudinal measurements showed that response properties were stably maintained over many weeks. These data provide evidence for stable representations of visual cues in RSC that are spatially selective. These may provide sensory data to contribute to the formation of memories of spatial information. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are type 2 cytokine-producing cells that have important roles in helminth infection and allergic inflammation. ILC2s are tissue resident cells, and their phenotypes and roles are regulated by tissue-specific environmental factors. While the role of ILC2s in the lung, intestine, and bone marrow has been elucidated in many studies, their role in adipose tissues is still unclear. Here, we report on the role of ILC2-derived bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) in adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Co-culture of fat-derived ILC2s with pluripotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells and committed white preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells resulted in their differentiation to adipocytes and induced lipid accumulation. Co-culture experiments using BMP7-deficient ILC2s revealed that BMP7, produced by ILC2s, induces differentiation into brown adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that BMP7, produced by ILC2s, affects adipocyte differentiation, particularly in brown adipocytes. © The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Evaluations of HIV curative interventions require reliable and efficient quantification of replication-competent latent reservoirs (LR). The "classic" quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) has been regarded as "gold standard," although prohibitively resource- and labor-intensive. We compared six "next-gen" VOA employing PCR or ultrasensitive p24 to assess their suitability as scalable proxies for QVOA. METHODS Next-gen VOA were compared to classic QVOA using single leukapheresis-derived samples from five ART-suppressed HIV+ participants and one HIV- control; each lab tested blinded batches of three frozen and one fresh sample. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods estimated extra-Poisson variation at aliquot, batch, and lab levels. Models also estimated the effect of testing frozen versus fresh samples. RESULTS Next-gen VOA had similar estimates of variation to QVOA. Assays with ultrasensitive readout reported higher IUPM than classic QVOA. Within-batch testing had 2.5-fold extra-Poisson variation (95%CI 2.1,3.5) for next-gen assays. NCT503 Between-lab variation increased extra-Poisson variation to 3.4-fold (95% CI 2.6,5.4). Frozen storage did not substantially alter IUPM (-18%(-52%,+39%)). CONCLUSIONS The data offer cautious support for use of next-gen VOA as proxies for more laborious QVOA, while providing greater sensitivities and dynamic ranges. Measurement of LR in eradication strategies would benefit from high throughput and scalable assays. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.BACKGROUND Major burn injuries incite a hypermetabolic response, and the initiation of early enteral nutrition is the standard of care in patients with large burns and contributes to improved outcomes. Perioperative fasting is a common cause of caloric deficits in burn patients and can be obviated with intraoperative enteral nutrition. However, the risks and benefits of this practice are unknown, and there is a concern for aspiration. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative enteral nutrition. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and OvidSP Medline databases. We identified studies that evaluated the effects of intraoperative enteral nutrition in adult burn patients compared to those undergoing routine perioperative fasting. We performed a meta-analysis on the incidence of mortality, pneumonia, wound infections, and aspiration in burn patients receiving intraoperative enteral nutrition. RESULTS We identified seven articles for qualitative review and four for quantitative review (N=83 patients). There were no statistically significant increases in the risk of mortality (OR=1.28, 95% CI 0.49, 3.31), wound infections (OR=0.71, 95% CI, 0.16, 3.24), pneumonia (OR=2.1, 95% CI=0.7, 6.1), and aspiration (OR=1.14, 0.07, 18.75) in patients receiving intraoperative enteral nutrition. Within individual studies, intraoperative enteral nutrition patients received significantly more calories than standard fasting patients. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative enteral nutrition may increase nutritional intake in burn patients without an increase in complications, however, this is based on limited studies. Randomized controlled trials are needed before recommendations on intraoperative enteral nutrition practice can be made. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association 2020. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.From a clinical perspective, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a valuable target for both diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. The term 'specific' has been used to characterize a histologic hallmark of overexpression in the membrane of most prostate cancer. Many PSMA ligands have been developed since the previous decade and have been used in several clinical trials and clinical studies. However, procedure, specification, protocol, interpretation criteria, radiation dose, and cost-effectiveness of PSMA ligands have not been fully explained. Regardless of worldwide use of promising PSMA-ligand PET and RLT, it has not been approved in Japan. Expedited introduction of PSMA-ligand PET and RLT to Japan and implementation of clinical study are eager for many patients with prostate cancer. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.Gastric cancer is an important health problem, being the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Aberrant protein translation contributes to the oncogenesis and development of cancers, and upregulation of translation initiation factor eIF4A1 has been observed in several kinds of malignancies. However, the role of eIF4A1 in gastric cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of eIF4A1, a component of translation initiation complex, was increased in gastric cancer. High expression of eIF4A1 was positively associated with poor tumor differentiation, late T stage, lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Overexpression of eIF4A1 promoted the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and enhanced tumor metastasis in nude mice model. Mechanism studies revealed that eIF4A1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cells through driving the translation of SNAI1 mRNA. Together, these findings indicate that eIF4A1 promotes EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer and suggest that eIF4A1 is a potential target for the adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer patients. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE older adults have increased risk of social isolation, loneliness and cognitive functioning impairment, but the relationships among these factors are not conclusive. We investigated the potential mediation mechanism of loneliness on the association between social isolation and cognitive functioning among Chinese older adults within their cultural context. DESIGN secondary analysis of the baseline wave (2011-12) of the harmonised China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS community-dwelling older adults in China (N = 7,410 participants aged 60-101 years). METHODS we applied a multiple indicator multiple cause approach to determine whether the construct of social isolation is well defined by four indicators (social activity engagement, weekly adult children contact, caregiving for grandchildren and living alone) and used structural equation modelling to examine the direct and indirect effects among variables of interest. RESULTS the results demonstrated that soccom.OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1 (OIP5-AS1) plays an important regulatory role in various types of cancers. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanisms of OIP5-AS1 in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of OIP5-AS1 was increased in GC tissues compared with that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues, which was significantly associated with shorter overall survival time of patients. In addition, OIP5-AS1 expression was also increased in GC cell lines including NCI-N87, MKN-45, BGC-823 and SGC-7901, when compared with that in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Knockdown of OIP5-AS1 markedly suppressed the proliferation and colony formation activities of GC cells, induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis of GC cells in vitro, and restrained tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, OIP5-AS1 functions as an oncogenic competing endogenous RNA by binding to and sequestering miR-422a to elevate the expression of anoctamin-1. Our study first demonstrated that OIP5-AS1 is a critical and powerful regulator of GC pathogenesis and may represent a novel candidate target for GC therapy. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.A 70-year-old patient was admitted with rapidly progressive cognitive decline associated with limitations in activities of daily living, weight loss and cerebellar ataxia. The diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) with vascular involvement was made, based on the presence of a metabolically active vasculitis of the brachiocephalic trunk on 18FDG-PET imaging. Temporal artery biopsy also revealed pan-arteritis. A progressive regression of cognitive disorders occurred under corticosteroid treatment and immunosuppressive therapy. Previously published case reports concerning this atypical presentation of GCA are scarce. They suggest that numerous cognitive symptoms, such as impairment of short-term memory, disorientation, delirium, impaired attention or visual hallucinations might be related to GCA. Thus, this diagnosis should be considered as a curable cause of unexplained cognitive impairment associated with weight loss and systemic inflammation. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVE to develop a model to predict one- and three-year mortality in patients with dementia attending a hospital, through hospital admission or day/memory clinic. DESIGN we constructed a cohort of dementia patients through data linkage of three Dutch national registers the hospital discharge register (HDR), the population register and the national cause of death register. SUBJECTS patients with dementia in the HDR aged between 60 and 100 years registered between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2010. METHODS logistic regression analysis techniques were used to predict one- and three-year mortality after a first hospitalisation with dementia. The performance was assessed using the c-statistic and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Internal validation was performed using bootstrap resampling. RESULTS 50,993 patients were included in the cohort. Two models were constructed, which included age, sex, setting of care (hospitalised versus day clinic) and the presence of comorbidity using the Charlson comorbidity index. One model predicted one-year mortality and the other three-year mortality.