Zhaofrederiksen0917

g., more assistance was provided on outdoor terrains). Our findings revealed that propulsion effort (e.g., peak input torque) on asphalt was significantly reduced when using adaptive controllers compared to conventional PAPAW controllers. In addition, subjective views of participants regarding the workload of wheelchair propulsion (e.g., physical/cognitive effort) supported the positive effects of adaptive PAPAW controllers. We believe that the adoption of terrain-specific adaptive controllers has the potential to improve the accessibility of outdoor terrains and to prevent or delay upper extremity joint degeneration or pain.Existing 3-D intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) systems that combine two electromagnetic (EM) motors to drive catheters are bulky and require considerable efforts to eliminate EM interference (EMI). Here, we propose a new scanning method to realize 3-D IVUS imaging using a helical ultrasonic motor to overcome the aforementioned issues. The ultrasonic motor with compact dimensions (7-mm outer diameter and 30-mm longitudinal length), lightweight (20.5 g), and free of EMI exhibits a great application potential in mobile imaging devices. In particular, it can simultaneously perform rotary and linear motions, facilitating precise 3-D scanning of an imaging catheter. Experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of raw images obtained using the ultrasonic motor is 5.3 dB better than that of an EM motor. Moreover, the proposed imaging device exhibits the maximum rotary speed of 12.3 r/s and the positioning accuracy of 2.6 [Formula see text] at a driving voltage of 240 Vp-p. The 3-D wire phantom imaging and 3-D tube phantom imaging are performed to evaluate the performance of the imaging device. Finally, the in vitro imaging of a porcine coronary artery demonstrates that the layered architecture of the vessel can be precisely identified while significantly increasing the SNR of the raw images.The ongoing robotic revolution in oceanic science puts new requirements on sonar technology. Small platforms require compact multi-purpose transducers, with strict requirements on power consumption and heat dissipation. Introducing single-crystal ferroelectrics as the active material of the transmitter can be one way of meeting the new requirements. The large electromechanical coupling coefficient of single crystals can enable an extension of the usable frequency band compared to conventional PZT. For the applications considered in this work, the usable frequency band is restricted by both the transmitted acoustic power and the reactive electrical power. Single crystals as the active materials can double the usable band, but the acoustic matching required for this can be difficult to obtain in practice. We investigated an air-backed, plane 1-3 composite transducer, matched to water by acoustic matching layers. For many applications, the diversity provided by a large usable frequency range is more important than a flat acoustic power response, and the transducer can be used far beyond the -3-dB limit. We defined the usable band by requiring maximum -12-dB ripple in transmitted acoustic power and maximum 50% reactive power. The matching layers were optimized to maximize the usable band according to this definition, in contrast to the conventional approach where matching layers are optimized for maximally flat response. Under the chosen definitions, our modeling showed that with a single crystal as the active material we could achieve 188% usable frequency band relative to the resonance frequency, compared to 121% for a PZT.Simultaneous MR-PET/-SPECT is an emerging technology that capitalises on the invaluable advantages of both modalities, allowing access to numerous sensitive tracers and superior soft-tissue contrast alongside versatile functional imaging capabilities. However, to optimise these capabilities, concurrent acquisitions require the MRI antenna located inside the PET/SPECT field-of-view to be operated without compromising any aspects of system performance or image quality compared to the stand-alone instrumentation. Here, we report a novel gamma-radiation-transparent antenna concept. The end-fed J-shape antenna is particularly adept for hybrid ultra-high field MR-PET/-SPECT applications as it enables all highly attenuating materials to be placed outside the imaging field-of-view. Furthermore, this unique configuration also provides advantages in stand-alone MR applications by reducing the amount of coupling between the cables and the antenna elements, and by lowering the potential specific absorption rate burden. The use of this new design was experimentally verified according to the important features for both ultra-high field MRI and the 511 keV transmission scan. The reconstructed attenuation maps evidently showed much lower attenuation (~15%) for the proposed array when compared to the conventional dipole antenna array since there were no high-density components. In MR, it was observed that the signal-to-noise ratio from the whole volume obtained using the proposed array was comparable to that acquired by the conventional array which was also in agreement with the simulation results. The unique feature, J-shape array, would enable simultaneous MR-PET/-SPECT experiments to be conducted without unduly compromising any aspects of system performance and image quality compared to the stand-alone instrumentation.A major gap between few-shot and many-shot learning is the data distribution empirically observed by the model during training. In few-shot learning, the learned model can easily become over-fitted based on the biased distribution formed by only a few training examples, while the ground-truth data distribution is more accurately uncovered in many-shot learning to learn a well-generalized model. In this paper, we propose to calibrate the distribution of these few-sample classes to be more unbiased to alleviate such an over-fitting problem. The distribution calibration is achieved by transferring statistics from the classes with sufficient examples to those few-sample classes. After calibration, an adequate number of examples can be sampled from the calibrated distribution to expand the inputs to the classifier. Extensive experiments on three datasets, miniImageNet, tieredImageNet, and CUB, show that a simple linear classifier trained using the features sampled from our calibrated distribution can outperform the state-of-the-art accuracy by a large margin. We also establish a generalization error bound for the proposed distribution-calibration-based few-shot learning, which consists of the distribution assumption error, the distribution approximation error, and the estimation error. This generalization error bound theoretically justifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends regular preventive dental examinations and cleanings for children starting from the time their first tooth appears or by age 1 year (1). In 2020, dental practices adjusted their services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and access to dental care was disrupted for many Americans (2,3). This report uses data from the 2019 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to describe recent changes in the prevalence of dental examinations or cleanings in the past 12 months among children aged 1-17 years by selected sociodemographic characteristics.A concussion is a mild type of traumatic brain injury (1). Previous studies using national data have shown that concussion prevalence can differ by survey methodology and question wording (2). The 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) included questions on concussion to measure both symptoms and diagnosis from a health care provider to provide a more complete understanding of the public health burden, because children with mild injuries may not see a doctor or receive a diagnosis. This report presents national estimates of lifetime symptomatology and health care professional diagnoses of concussions or brain injuries as reported by a knowledgeable adult, usually a parent, in children aged 0-17 years using data from the 2020 NHIS.

As an inhibitor cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C polypeptide 8 (CYP2C8), quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with its glycosides consumed at least 100 mg per day in food. However, it is still unknown whether quercetin and selexipag interact.

The study investigated the effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and ACT-333679 in beagles.

The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

UPLC-MS/MS) was used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of orally administered selexipag (2 mg/kg) with and without quercetin (2 mg/kg/day for 7 days) pre-treatment in beagles. The effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and its potential mechanism was studied through the pharmacokinetic parameters.

The assay method was validated for selexipag and ACT-333679, and the lower limit of quantification for both was 1 ng/mL. The recovery and the matrix effect of selexipag were 84.5-91.58% and 94.98-99.67%, while for ACT-333679 were 81.21-93.90% and 93.17-99.23%. The UPLC-MS/MS method was sensitive, accurate and precise, and had been applied to the herb-drug interaction study of quercetin with selexipag and ACT-333679. Treatment with quercetin led to an increased in



and AUC

of selexipag by about 43.08% and 26.92%, respectively. While the ACT-333679 was about 11.11% and 18.87%, respectively.

The study indicated that quercetin could inhibit the metabolism of selexipag and ACT-333679 when co-administration. Therefore, the clinical dose of selexipag should be used with caution when co-administered with foods high in quercetin.

The study indicated that quercetin could inhibit the metabolism of selexipag and ACT-333679 when co-administration. Therefore, the clinical dose of selexipag should be used with caution when co-administered with foods high in quercetin.Background Observational studies associate physical activity (PA) with improved perceptions of children and adolescents' physical self-concept (PSC) and global self-concept (GSC). However, only a few PA-based interventions exist for improving PSC and their results have been inconclusive. Objective To determine the effect of specific PA-based programmes on the PSC (including its sub-dimensions) and GSC of children and adolescents, and to assess possible moderators. Methods The databases Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were reviewed in February 2020. Only studies with pre-post measurements and control groups were included. The impact of PA-based interventions was explored through different meta-analyses and moderator analyses. Results Altogether, 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Positive and significant effects of PA were determined on self-perceived physical appearance (g = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.23), self-perceived sport competence (g = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.51), self-perceived physical fitness (g = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.32), PSC (g = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.52), and GSC (g = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.33). The existence of additional interventions in PA-based programmes (e.g., interventions focused on psychological factors or healthy habits) moderated the influence of PA on self-perceived sport competence and physical fitness. RSL3 mouse Moreover, environment and time were distinguished as moderators for self-perceived physical appearance and sport competence. Further, intervention type, gender, and frequency of intervention moderated the effects of PA on PSC. Conclusions PA-based interventions, especially in school, seem to be beneficial for the development of positive physical self-perceptions.