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The aim of the review article is to provide an overview of biological and targeted drugs currently registered in the Czech Republic for the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Specifically, the review deals with the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Five anti-TNF drugs as well as four biological drugs with a different mechanism of action (abatacept, rituximab, and two IL-6 inhibitors) are currently registered for the treatment of RA. In the past two years, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been introduced in the clinical management of RA, namely tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib. They are small molecules of non-biological origin which enter the cell and inhibit signal transduction. Biological or targeted therapy of RA is indicated in the case of failure of conventional treatment and when there is at least moderate or high RA activity. Five anti-TNF drugs are indicated in the treatment of spondyloarthritides. They have been shown to be equally effective except for etanercept which is not effective for a coexisting inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, the IL-17 inhibitors secukinumab and ixekizumab have been introduced in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis. Their efficacy on the locomotor system is similar to that of anti-TNF, but they are more effective in treating psoriasis. In the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, TNF inhibitors as well as IL-12/23 axis modulators and interleu¬kin-17 inhibitors have been introduced. Furthermore, targeted synthetic drugs are used in the treatment of PsA, namely the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor apremilast, whose efficacy is lower, and the newly introduced JAK1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib. The individual chapters are complemented by basic safety risks of these drugs and principles of treatment safety monitoring.On 8 June 1972, the Czechoslovak OK DNN aircraft carrier L410 Turbolet was delivered to the regular line Marianske Lazne - Prague to the Federal Republic of Germany. About 8 minutes after the launch from Marianske Lazne Airport, the likely head of the group of kidnappers threw the captain of the plane. During the fight with one of the passenger, the head of the group of kidnappers killed the captain of the aircraft by a shot from 7.65 mm pistol. Other members of the hijackers group attacked other passengers. After the aircraft captains death, the second pilot took command and landed at the sports club at Weiden. After the landing, the kidnappers were detained by the police. Ten kidnappers stayed in the Federal Republic of Germany. An airplane with other passengers and coffin of a shot captain landed in Prague Ruzyne the following day. On June 12, 1972, the re-autopsy of the captain of the aircraft was performed at the Central Military Hospital in Prague. Post-autopsy status was detected. In this re-autopsy, i the left cabin wall. More natural would be turning right over his right shoulder. In that case, he could be hit on the right side of the chest. Methylation chemical The shooting kidnapper committed suicide in a cell overnight from 12 to 13 January 1973. It is not possible, based on the information available, to decide exactly how the gunshot has been going on. Czech experts did not have clothing of the captain or conclusions about their examination, and the hole on the left side of the neck was cut out by the German expert and was not provided to the Czech party through the request. It may be considered strange that the autopsy in Germany was performed in this relatively serious case outside the renowned forensic medicine department.Místo činu je výsledkem dynamického působení vzájemně se ovlivňujících faktorů. Pečlivá analýza místa úmrtí soudním lékařem poskytuje prvotní informace pro ověření souladu mezi pitevním nálezem a výpověďmi svědků a pro stanovení mechanizmu úrazu a úmrtí. Tento krok je nesmírně důležitý pro stanovení odpovědnosti za úraz. Prezentujeme případ stavebního dělníka, který propadl dveřmi mezi dvěma patry na staveništi, zatímco držel železný nosník. Tento případ demonstruje efektivitu komplexního přístupu zahrnujícího jak klasické forenzní vyšetřovací metody, tak metody digitální 3D rekonstrukce. Tento přístup nám umožnil ověřit dynamiku úrazu a poskytnul nám důležité informace pro posuzování odpovědnosti zaměstnavatele.Organic/inorganic hybrid composite materials with the dispersed phases in sizes down to a few tens of nanometers raised very great interest. In this paper, it is shown that silica/epoxy nanocomposites with a silica content of 6 wt % may be obtained with an "in situ" sol-gel procedure starting from two precursors tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES). APTES also played the role of a coupling agent. The use of advanced techniques (bright-field high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, HRTEM, and combined small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) performed by means of a multirange device Ganesha 300 XL+) allowed us to evidence a multisheet structure of the nanoparticles instead of the gel one typically obtained through a sol-gel route. A mechanism combining in a new manner well-assessed knowledge regarding sol-gel chemistry, emulsion formation, and Ostwald ripening allowed us to give an explanation for the formation of the observed lamellar nanoparticles.Advances in microscale 3D cell culture systems have helped to elucidate cellular physiology, understand mechanisms of stem cell differentiation, produce pathophysiological models, and reveal important cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. An important consideration for such studies is the choice of material for encapsulating cells and associated extracellular matrix (ECM). This Review focuses on the use of alginate hydrogels, which are versatile owing to their simple gelation process following an ionic cross-linking mechanism in situ, with no need for procedures that can be potentially toxic to cells, such as heating, the use of solvents, and UV exposure. This Review aims to give some perspectives, particularly to researchers who typically work more with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), on the use of alginate as an alternative material to construct microphysiological cell culture systems. More specifically, this Review describes how physicochemical characteristics of alginate hydrogels can be tuned with regards to their biocompatibility, porosity, mechanical strength, ligand presentation, and biodegradability.