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The classification can be used for screening home care clients to determine their evacuation ability.

The classification can be used for screening home care clients to determine their evacuation ability.

The emergency operations center (EOC) is an essential component of modern emergency management. Traditionally understood as a place where officials communicate with the public, support coordination, manage operations, craft policy, gather information, and host visitors; there has been little recent research on their structure, operations, or work procedures. EOCs may in fact be, as we argue here, places where emergency managers come to find workarounds, delegate tasks, and find new sources of expertise in order to make sense, make meaning, and make decisions. However, despite their status as a symbol of emergency management and recipients of large amounts of funding, there has been relatively little scientific research into the EOC. With this paper, we synthesize the existing research and propose a variety of research questions to accelerate the process of inquiry into the EOC.

Informed by an extensive literature review, this article presents a comprehensive look at the existing state of knowledge surrounding EOCs.

Research questions to support investigation of the EOC are suggested.

The EOC is an underexplored setting ripe for development and discovery by researchers and emergency managers seeking to influence the field of emergency management.

The EOC is an underexplored setting ripe for development and discovery by researchers and emergency managers seeking to influence the field of emergency management.Responding to today's often transboundary emergencies, frequently characterized by unclear root causes and indistinct responsibilities as well as multiple actors, will require that responding actors come together to meet societal needs and solve problems arising in relation to those needs. In collective problem solving, representing the problem is crucial, especially in emergency situations, where problems are changing and interacting with each other and are difficult to define. There is however a lack of problem representation research in general and in emergency situations specifically. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to emergency response management (ERM) research by investigating this previously unexplored part in two ways. First, a conceptual framework for investigating collective problem representation in ERM is introduced. The framework provides a complementary perspective on how to evaluate the handling of emergencies, at a level of detail that is currently lacking in many ERM evaluations. Second, the framework is used to investigate the process of achieving a collective problem representation in ERM, to provide insights into what facilitates or impedes this process. Based on 21 interviews with ERM professionals, hierarchical structures, relationships, and legislation and regulations are identified as key factors that impact the formation of a collective problem representation. Possible implications, when this process fails, are a risk of suboptimal emergency management and an increased risk of solving the wrong problem right due to misaligned response goals or a lack of comprehensive overview. Also, the risk of a potential mismatch between stipulated and actual collaboration is identified.

This study sought to evaluate resident demographics and resident understanding of the proper use of potassium iodide (KI) pills as a countermeasure in the event of a nuclear power plant emergency. We also described expected behaviors of community members in the event of a nuclear accident.

The study design utilized a cross-sectional survey with a validated written questionnaire. Subjects, Participants The study subjects were Canadian residents living within the primary emergency planning zone of the Fermi 2 nuclear power reactor. There was a 77 percent participation rate (n = 180) in Amherst Point and 61 percent for Bois Blanc Island (commonly referred to as Bob-Lo Island) (n = 57).

The primary study outcome measures were the number of knowledge-based questions survey respondents correctly answered about proper KI use (Ksum) and various behavior-based survey questions in the context of the extended parallel process model (EPPM).

Overall, we found that residents in general had a very low overall compreion programs because of the overall low pre-existing comprehension in communities. Also, hospitals and 911 must be prepared to deal with higher volume of residents seeking help should an accident occur.Managing crisis challenges the ability to make numerous decisions under great uncertainty. This study address the decision-making process, and how the mix of involved individuals, prior knowledge, and available decision-makers forms the decisions made during a crisis. A large-scale exercise with a cyber-attack scenario was chosen as the study's case. The organization studied have highly skilled crisis management personnel; however, they are not used to manage a large-scale cyber-attack scenario. The garbage can model (GCM) of Organizational Choice with a few modifications is used as the analytical framework in the study.As the need to prepare for, respond to, and recover from major disruptive events continues to become more critical, the use of evacuation as a protective action strategy when confronted with life-threatening disasters is a key component of community resilience planning. While the basic concepts of evacuations are straightforward and consistent across locations and hazard types, the details of planning and managing an evacuation are more varied and complex. To improve evacuation preparedness, the training of emergency managers, police, and transportation agencies becomes key. This study assesses the need for evacuation training among key governmental agencies. A national survey of evacuation planning training needs among emergency managers and those involved in transportation management and operations was undertaken in 2016. This paper summarizes key findings of this survey, which included 727 respondents across 136 cities and 48 states and 2 territories, to reveal the results of this training-needs self-assessment. Based on this analysis, training needs and other recommendations for the development and delivery of curriculum on evacuation planning are presented.Cybersecurity is within the realm of emergency management, as cyber-attacks can generate both virtual and real world issues that emergency responders may be called upon to deal with. However, it has a skillset and other characteristics that are distinct from the types of emergency management that most practitioners commonly-and are prepared-to deal with. This paper compares the two disciplines, discusses areas where cybersecurity professionals and researchers can learn from the emergency management discipline and proposes new research directions within the emergency management domain.On August 4, 2020, Beirut was hit by a devastating explosion leading to mass casualties thousands were injured and there were significant damages to residences, offices, and health structures. The Emergency Medical Team (EMT) specialized "Mother and Child" was deployed by the Swiss Humanitarian Aid in order to support local health facilities, empower local health professionals to resume clinical activities and ensure access, and continuity of patient care in particular in the fields of gynecology-obstetrics and pediatrics. This communication presents the particularities of an EMT deployment in an urban area of an upper middle-income country with some recommendations for such settings.

Structural fires remain a prominent threat to public health and safety even in several regions of the developed world, where rising housing costs force many to reside in unsafe environments. This case report of the Ghost Ship Warehouse fire in Oakland, California, highlights deficiencies in the emergency management system in the context of similar nightclub incidents to inform recommendations that might prevent such events from occurring in the future.

The characteristics of the Ghost Ship warehouse and circumstances surrounding the fire, as described in government documents and news media sources, were examined using the disaster life cycle framework. The Ghost Ship fire was also compared with two prior fire disasters at the Happy Land nightclub in New York City and Station nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island.

The following risk factors were identified as common features of deadly nightclub fires large crowd size, limited access to exits, multiple code violations, lack of required permits, inadequagate vulnerable populations living in unsafe dwellings that place them at risk of deadly fires.

Radiation accidents can cause numerous challenges to hospitals, the appropriate medical responses to which may save the lives of countless people. The present study aimed at the design and validation of an Emergency Department preparedness questionnaire for hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the case of radiation accidents, nuclear accidents, and nuclear terrorism in Iran.

This multistage cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The questionnaire items were created with the reference to article reviews and expert judgement. Binimetinib research buy The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face, content, and construct validities. Additionally, its reliability was estimated using measures of internal consistency and stability, namely Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To this end, the questionnaire was completed by the ED staff in the hospitals of Iran.

The proposed 48-item questionnaire consisted of three themes staff preparedness, stuff preparedness, and structure preparedness.hemselves be more prepared by codifying certain imperative laws and -policies.

To determine whether victim behavior and interaction with triage personnel would conform to expected actions as dictated by the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) triage methodology, which emphasizes that victims will accept their assigned -triage category.

In total, 105 volunteers were recruited to complete a 32-question survey after portraying victims in a triage-focused mass casualty incident (MCI) simulation. Questions included sociodemographic characteristics, willingness to follow commands of first responders, and willingness to help first responders. The authors examined whether the outcomes differed by demographics, healthcare experience, or disaster exposure of participants.

The survey response rate was 90 percent (95/105). The mean age of participants was 31 years (58 percent women). Half of respondents indicated that they would ask responders to change their triage color if they disagreed with it and 75 percent would ask first responders to change their friend or family members' triage colors. Twenty-one percent of victims reported that they would alter their own triage tag to receive treatment faster and 38 percent would alter a friend or family member's triage color. The youngest (<20 years) and oldest (>40 years) respondents were most likely to act maladaptively.

Triage algorithms rely upon -victims following the instructions of rescuers. This study suggests that maladaptive behavior by some victims should be anticipated.

Triage algorithms rely upon -victims following the instructions of rescuers. This study suggests that maladaptive behavior by some victims should be anticipated.