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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is related to cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive diseases. Furthermore, OSA symptoms, such as excessive sleepiness, fatigue, and mood disorders, may interfere in functioning. The assessment of this aspect in patients with OSA is not frequent and no specific instrument is available in the literature. Our aim is to identify if the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains are considered in the validated instruments used to assess patients with OSA.

In this integrative literature review, three databases were searched Pubmed, Embase, and LILACS. Bibliographic survey was carried out in 2020, between March and July. Articles published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish with validated tools to assess OSA in adults were included.

Thirty instruments have undergone a process of concept extraction and coding according to the ICF, generating a total of 769 significant concepts. It was observed that the function domain was the most prevalent, making 42% (n = 323) of the concepts, followed by domains of activity (16%), participation (10%), environmental factors (5%), personal factor (5%), and structure (1%). Only one instrument, the "Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI)," encompasses all domains of the ICF in its constructs.

In the analyzed instruments, the function domain prevails, with most concepts related to sleep functions. Only one validated instrument included in this research covered all the ICF domains. This instrument closely matched the recommended way of assessing functioning, though it approached the domains in an unbalanced way.

In the analyzed instruments, the function domain prevails, with most concepts related to sleep functions. Only one validated instrument included in this research covered all the ICF domains. This instrument closely matched the recommended way of assessing functioning, though it approached the domains in an unbalanced way.A patient with an odontogenic fibroma (OF) with the presence of fibroblasts of varying morphology is presented, and the main microscopic differential diagnosis is discussed. Case report a 51-year-old man complained of a swelling in the anterior region of the mandible. The panoramic radiograph showed a radiolucent, well-defined multilocular image, with displacement of the roots of the left mandibular incisors and canine. A cone beam computed tomography examination revealed a hypodense image, with delicate bone spicules inside, divergence of the tooth roots and destruction of the buccal cortical bone. Under the differential diagnosis of a desmoplastic ameloblastoma or a squamous odontogenic tumor, an incisional biopsy was made. Microscopically, deeply collagenized tissue with scarce odontogenic epithelium islands, large fibroblasts of varying morphology and calcified material was observed. A diagnosis of OF was made. Surgical removal was carried out, and the specimen was examined. Identical aspects were found, and the immunohistochemical reaction for pan-cytokeratin was carried out to identify the odontogenic epithelial cells. The definitive diagnosis of OF was confirmed, and we emphasize the importance of the correlation of all characteristics for a definitive diagnosis.The nature of the lymphoid stromal component in Warthin tumor and lymphadenoma of the parotid gland has been a controversial topic in salivary gland pathology for decades. Two theories exist first, that these tumors arise from salivary gland inclusions within intraparotid lymph nodes; and second, that they arise within salivary gland parenchyma and induce tumor-associated lymphoid proliferation (TALP). A recent study demonstrated that low molecular weight cytokeratin is effective in distinguishing salivary gland tumors within lymph nodes from those inducing TALP via identification of extrafollicular reticulum cells, which are only found in true lymph nodes. Twenty-one Warthin tumors and 4 lymphadenomas were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Cam5.2 immunohistochemistry was performed on each case and independently evaluated by two pathologists. Extrafollicular reticulum cells were identified by Cam5.2 immunostaining in 21 of 21 Warthin tumors (100%), and 3 of 4 lymphadenomas (75%). Extrafollicular reticulum cells were consistently localized to the perisinusoidal and paracortical areas of the lesions studied. Extrafollicular reticulum cells were identified via low molecular weight cytokeratin Cam5.2 immunohistochemistry in all of the Warthin tumors and most of the lymphadenomas evaluated. This finding strongly supports the notion that these most if not all of these tumors arise within intraparotid lymph nodes, presumably from salivary gland inclusions entrapped during embryonic development.Free zinc is involved in signal transduction within mammalian cells, acting as a second messenger. Gold standard for its analysis is currently the use of metal-responsive fluorescent probes. The present study elucidates the impact of instrumentation used for measuring the resulting fluorescence. The free zinc concentration of THP-1 cells loaded with the fluorescent probes Zinpyr-1 (ZP1) or Fluozin-3 AM (FZ3) was determined using a microplate reader (MPR) and a flow cytometer (FC). Depending on the instrumentation, either low nanomolar (MPR) or picomolar (FC) concentrations of free zinc were observed. The concentrations measured from identical samples by MPR were about 40 (ZP1) or 165 (FZ3) times higher compared with FC. These results demonstrate that the choice of instrumentation has a fundamental impact on the determination of intracellular free zinc concentrations by low molecular weight fluorescent probes.The current study was aimed to ascertain the effect of blood lead level on brain tissues in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 300 human participants ages 27 to 60 years with type 2 diabetes (n = 150) and healthy individuals (n = 150) were included in this study. Ipatasertib The serum samples were used for measuring HbA1c and fasting blood glucose. Blood lead level was measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Magnetic resonance imaging sub-analysis was used to assess the brain hyperintensities. Brain hyperintensities were found in 55% of patients with diabetes and 6% of non-diabetic control group subjects. The deep white matter hyperintensities were observed in 45% of diabetic patients, while the subcortical hyperintensities were noted in 10% of cases. Entorhinal cortex changes (31%) and hippocampus changes (42%) were noted in diabetic patients with brain hyperintensities. Diabetic patients with brain hyperintensities showed higher blood lead levels, HbA1c, and fasting blood sugar (p  less then  0.