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attention to their ecological risks in freshwater environments.Bio-Fenton reaction supported by glucose oxidase (GOx) for producing H2O2 was applied to degrade persistent chloroacetanilide herbicides in the presence of Fe (Ⅲ)-citrate at pH 5.5. There were pH decrease to 4.3, the production of 8 mM H2O2 and simultaneous consumption to produce •OH radicals which non-specifically degraded the herbicides. The degradation rates followed the order acetochlor ≈ alachlor ≈ metolachlor > propachlor ≈ butachlor with the degradation percent of 72.8%, 73.4%, 74.0%, 47.4%, and 43.8%, respectively. During the Bio-Fenton degradation, alachlor was dechlorinated and filtered into catechol via the production of intermediates formed through a series of hydrogen atom abstraction and hydrogen oxide radical addition reactions. The current Bio-Fenton reaction leading to the production of •OH radicals could be applied for non-specific oxidative degradation to various persistent organic pollutants under in-situ environmental conditions, considering diverse microbial metabolic systems able to continuously supply H2O2 with ubiquitous Fe(II) and Fe(III) and citrate.In this work, sonoelectrochemically activated peroxymonosulfate (US-EC/PMS) was used to degrade fulvic acid (FA) in water. Compared with other technologies, the US-EC/PMS system can achieve higher FA decolorization in a short time. Moreover, the benefits of synergy are more prominent in the US-EC/PMS system. The effects of operating parameters on the sonoelectrochemical degradation of FA were investigated, including initial pH, initial FA concentration, current density, ultrasonic power, PMS dosage. The results showed the initial FA concentration and current density were critical to the degradation of FA. Under optimized parameters initial pH of 2, 50 mg L-1 initial FA concentration, 30 mA cm-2 current density, 50 W ultrasonic power, 1 mM PMS dosage, the US-EC/PMS system can achieve 93% FA decolorization. The calculation results of current efficiency and energy consumption indicate that the introduction of PMS into the US-EC system has economic applicability. Scavenger experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance suggest that hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radicals, and singlet oxygen were the main ROS produced in the US-EC/PMS system. Accordingly, the possible mechanism of FA degradation by sonoelectrochemical activation PMS was proposed. Finally, the US-EC/PMS system was used to treat the aged landfill leachate. Three-dimensional fluorescence analysis showed that most of the humic substances (Hss) were effectively removed, and the biodegradability of the leachate was considerably improved. In addition, the effective removal of COD, chroma, and ammonia nitrogen were observed, proving that this technology is a powerful means to treat organic wastewater contaminated by Hss.Piezo-photocatalysis is a new concept of utilizing nanohybrids comprising piezoelectric and photocatalytic materials for enhancement in advanced oxidation process under the presence of light and mechanical energy. In this study, we explored the effectiveness of piezo-photocatalysis via examining their catalytic activity towards the degradation of azo dye (Rhodamine-B) and standard pollutant (Phenol) catalyzed by ferroelectric-semiconductor (BaTiO3-Ag2O) nanohybrids. Further, the enhancement in piezo-photocatalysis has been achieved via persulfate activation and the role of free radicals was examined by quenchers. A plausible mechanism for the improved piezo-photocatalysis of BaTiO3-Ag2O nanohybrid using persulfate activation has been discussed in detail. The removal mechanism of Rhodamine-B has been investigated using analytical techniques such as HPLC and EPR. Our experimental study demonstrated that the combination of piezo-photocatalysis with persulfate activation will provide higher reaction rate which will be beneficial towards the degradation of complex molecular pollutants derived from industrial sectors.Biochar is a carbon-rich pyrogenic material for multifunctional environmental applications such as carbon sequestration, soil amendment, and pollutant management, etc. Owing to long-term existing in the soil, biochar would inevitably suffer from natural geochemical weathering. Such ageing process could pose nonnegligible impacts on the physicochemical property and functionality of biochar. For an object-oriented design of biochar under different application ageing conditions, the latest research progress on ageing methods, biochar properties, and pollutant sorption performance needs to be fully understood. Specifically, the effect of soil components on biochar ageing is critically reviewed, which is of importance but not fully explored so far. The decrease of ash in aged biochar can inhibit the adsorption of heavy metals. The loss of aromatic components and the formation of three-dimensional water clusters during the ageing process have a negative impact on high-temperature biochar (>500° C) for organic pollutants adsorption. For long-term soil remediation, these results remind us to carefully use high-ash biochar for heavy metals and high-temperature biochar for organic pollutants. The interaction between soil minerals and biochar can form organometallic complexes and change functional groups to enhance the oxidation resistance of biochar. In the present review, the current research on biochar ageing are critical reviewed, and the further researches are prospected including developing advanced artificial ageing methods, exploring the impact of soil components on biochar ageing, and clarifying the long-term environmental behavior of modified biochar.

The endocannabinoid system is involved in the modulation of inflammatory, fibrotic, metabolic, and carcinogenesis-associated signaling pathways via cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and CB2. We hypothesized that the pharmacologic antagonization of CB1 receptor improves cholestasis in Abcb4

mice.

After weaning, male Abcb4

mice were treated orally with rimonabant (a specific antagonist of CB1) or ACEA (an agonist of CB1) until up to 16 weeks of age. Liver tissue and serum were isolated and examined by means of serum analysis, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme function. Untreated Abcb4

and Bagg Albino Mouse/c wild-type mice served as controls.

Cholestasis-induced symptoms such as liver damage, bile duct proliferation, and enhanced circulating bile acids were improved by CB1 antagonization. Rimonabant treatment also improved Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxykinase expression and reduced inflammation and the acute-phase response. The carcinogenesis-associated cellular-Jun N-terminal kinase/cellular-JUN and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways activated in Abcb4

mice were reduced to wild-type level by CB1 antagonization.

We showed a protective effect of oral CB1 antagonization in chronic cholestasis using the established Abcb4

model. Our results suggest that pharmacologic antagonization of the CB1 receptor could have a therapeutic benefit in cholestasis-associated metabolic changes, liver damage, inflammation, and carcinogenesis.

We showed a protective effect of oral CB1 antagonization in chronic cholestasis using the established Abcb4-/- model. Our results suggest that pharmacologic antagonization of the CB1 receptor could have a therapeutic benefit in cholestasis-associated metabolic changes, liver damage, inflammation, and carcinogenesis.

Sporadic colorectal cancers arise from initiating mutations in APC, producing oncogenic β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. Similarly, the tumor suppressor axis regulated by the intestinal epithelial receptor GUCY2C is among the earliest pathways silenced in tumorigenesis. Retention of the receptor, but loss of its paracrine ligands, guanylin and uroguanylin, is an evolutionarily conserved feature of colorectal tumors, arising in the earliest dysplastic lesions. Here, we examined a mechanism of GUCY2C ligand transcriptional silencing by β-catenin/TCF signaling.

We performed RNA sequencing analysis of 4 unique conditional human colon cancer cell models of β-catenin/TCF signaling to map the core Wnt-transcriptional program. We then performed a comparative analysis of orthogonal approaches, including luciferase reporters, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) knockout, and CRISPR epigenome editing, which were crosseal DNA elements regulating corepression of GUCY2C ligand transcription by β-catenin/TCF signaling, reflecting a novel pathophysiological step in tumorigenesis. They offer unique genomic strategies that could reestablish hormone expression in the context of canonical oncogenic mutations to reconstitute the GUCY2C axis and oppose transformation.Soil heavy metals harm ecological biodiversity and human health, and quantifying the risks more accurately is still obscure. In this study, a network environ analysis was applied to quantify risks between ecological communities based on control allocation and human health risk models to calculate human health exposure risks from soil heavy metals around Greenside coal mining in South Africa. Ecological and human health risks were apportioned using PMF model. Results showed assessed heavy metals (mean) exceeded local background content with a cumulative of moderately polluted using pollution load index (PLI). Total initial risk (Ri), the risk to biological organisms from direct soil exposure, was 0.656 to vegetation and 1.093 to soil microorganisms. Risk enters the food web via vegetation and harms the whole system. Integrated risks (initial, direct, and indirect) to vegetation, herbivores, soil microorganisms, and carnivores were 0.656, 0.125, 1.750, and 0.081, respectively, revealing that soil microorganisms are the most risk receptors. Total Hazard Index (HIT) was 1 for children (4.690), signifying severe non-cancer effects to children. Total cancer risk (TCR) to children and adults surpassed the unacceptable limit (1.00E-04). Comparatively, Cr is a high-risk metal accounted for 63.24% (adults) and 65.88% (children) of the HIT and 92.98% (adults) and 91.31% (children) of the TCR. Four sources were apportioned. Contributions to Ri (soil microorganisms and vegetation) from F3 (industrial), F4 (atmospheric), F2 (coal mining), and F1 (natural) were 42.20%, 24.56%, 23.55%, and 9.68%, respectively. The non-cancer risk from F3 (37.67% to adults and 38.40% to children) was dominant, and TCR to children from the sources except F1 surpassed the unacceptable limit. An integrated approach of risk quantification is helpful in managing risks and reducing high-risk pollution sources to better protect the environment and human health.Microplastic pollution in small-scale river sediments remains mostly unknown. This study explored microplastics in the sediments of four small-scale Japanese rivers in Yamaguchi Prefecture the Awano, Ayaragi, Asa, and Majime. Sediment samples (n = 23) were collected from the selected stations. Density separation and wet peroxidation methods were applied to extract microplastics. Polymers were detected through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microplastic abundance indicated relatively moderate values in the small-scale Japanese rivers compared to other rivers around the world. Large microplastics (1-5 mm) in size, fragments in shape, and high-density particles of diverse polymers dominated. Polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene were the major polymers. The polymers-polyvinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethane, fluorinated ethylene propylene, and polybutylene in sediments were distinct from those detected in surface water, as were the predominance of large-size (1-5 mm) and fragment-shape microplastics.