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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is characterized by developmental and behavioral deficits caused by maternal drinking during pregnancy. Children born with FASD often face additional stresses, including maternal separation, that add yet additional deficits. The mechanism associated with this interaction is not known. We have used a mouse model for prenatal ethanol exposure and maternal separation to demonstrate that the combination of the two treatments results in more than additive deficits. Furthermore, the behavioral deficits are associated with changes in hippocampal gene expression that persist into adulthood. What initiates and maintains these changes remains to be established and forms the focus of this report. Specifically, MeDIP-Seq was used to assess if changes in promoter DNA methylation are affected by exposure to prenatal ethanol and maternal separation including its relationship to gene expression. The novel results show that different sets of genes implicated by promoter DNA methylation aamelioration of FASD-related deficits. Copyright © 2020 Alberry and Singh.Background Diarrhea represents one of the most frequent major problems during piglets' neonatal and post-weaning periods leading to tremendous economic losses in the swine industry. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 is regarded as the most important cause of diarrhea in piglets. However, some pigs are naturally resistant to those diarrheas caused by ETEC-F4, because they have no F4 receptors (F4R) on their small intestine epithelial cells that allow F4 fimbriae attachment. Thus, our study characterized a complete transcriptome of small intestine epithelial cells of Large White piglets using RNA-Seq. The aim of the study was to identify DEGs with regard to differences in the F4R phenotypes and SNP (C/T) genotypes at ITGB5 and important pathways associated with ETEC-F4ac susceptibility in small intestine epithelial cells of Large White piglets and derive molecular markers as a result of loss of F4acR in swine. Methods A total of eight samples of small intestine epithelial cells obtained from Large Whitlocus for F4acR strongly support that it might have played a role in the adhesion phenotype which was obviously detected by adhesion assay in adhesive (F4R positive) group. Copyright © 2020 Augustino, Xu, Liu, Liu, Zhang and Yu.Although genetic factors are considered a main etiology of epilepsy, the causes of genetic epilepsy in the majority of epilepsy patients remain unknown. Kinesin family member 1A (KIF1A), a neuron-specific motor protein that moves along with microtubules, is responsible for the transport of membranous organelles and synaptic vesicles. Variants of KIF1A have recently been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSANII), and intellectual disability. However, mutations in KIF1A have not been detected in patients with epilepsy. In our study, we conducted customized sequencing of epilepsy-related genes of a family with six patients with generalized epilepsy over three generations and identified a rare heterozygous mutation (c.1190C > A, p. selleck inhibitor Ala397Asp) in KIF1A. Whole-cell recordings from primary cultured neurons revealed that the mutant KIF1A increases the excitatory synaptic transmission but not the intrinsic excitability of neurons, and phenotype testing in zebrafish showed that this rare mutation results in epileptic seizure-like activity. These results provide new evidence demonstrating that KIF1A dysfunction is involved in epileptogenesis. Copyright © 2020 Guo, Chen, Yang, Xu, Lin, Ma, Chen, Hu, Ma, Wang and Tian.With the ever-increasing world population, an extra 1.5 billion mouths need to be fed by 2050 with continuously dwindling arable land. Hence, it is imperative that extra food come from the marginal lands that are expected to be unsuitable for growing major staple crops under the adverse climate change scenario. Crop diversity provides right alternatives for marginal environments to improve food, feed, and nutritional security. Well-adapted and climate-resilient crops will be the best fit for such a scenario to produce seed and biomass. The minor millets are known for their high nutritional profile and better resilience for several abiotic stresses that make them the suitable crops for arid and salt-affected soils and poor-quality waters. Finger millet (Eleucine coracana) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), also considered as orphan crops, are highly tolerant grass crop species that grow well in marginal and degraded lands of Africa and Asia with better nutritional profile. Another category of grains, calledth 85,243 genes); S. italica, a model small millet (well-annotated draft genome of 420 Mb with 38,801 protein-coding genes); amaranth (466 Mb genome and 23,059 protein-coding genes); buckwheat (genome size of 1.12 Gb with 35,816 annotated genes); and quinoa (genome size of 1.5 Gb containing 54,438 protein-coding genes) could pave the way for the genetic improvement of these grains. These genomic resources are an important first step toward genetic improvement of these crops. This review highlights the current advances and available resources on genomics to improve nutrient bioavailability in these five suitable crops for the sustained healthy livelihood. Copyright © 2020 Rodríguez, Rahman, Thushar and Singh.The ryanodine receptor mediates intracellular calcium ion release with excitation of nerve and muscle cells. Ryanodine receptor missense variants cause a number of myopathologies, such as malignant hyperthermia, and have been linked with various neuropathologies, including Alzheimer's disease. We characterized the consequences of ryanodine receptor variants in vivo. Eight Caenorhabditis elegans strains, with ryanodine receptor modifications equivalent to human myopathic RYR1 variants, were generated by genome editing. In humans, these variants are rare and confer sensitivity to the inhalational anaesthetic halothane when heterozygous. Increased sensitivity to halothane was found in both homozygous and heterozygous C. elegans. Close analysis revealed distinct subtle locomotion defects, due to the different single amino acid residue changes, even in the absence of the external triggering agent. Distinct pre- and postsynaptic consequences of the variants were characterized through the responses to cholinergic pharmacological agents.