Xubell2243
To evaluate the differences in contrast enhancement of abdominal organ on abdominal dynamic MRI using 0.1 mmol/kg 1.0M gadobutrol (GAD) versus 0.5M meglumine gadoterate (MG) in patients having liver hemangioma.
Phantom study was performed with different concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 5.0 and 10 mmol/L) of GAD and MG. Sixty-two patients with liver hemangioma were enrolled. Contrast media were injected a rate of 2mL/s and the 40mL of saline followed. Monitoring scan was used for acquiring arterial phase. Two arterial phases, portal and equilibrium phase were obtained. One certified radiologist set region of interests on abdominal aorta, liver, pancreas, spleen, liver hemangioma. The relative enhancement ratio (RER) was calculated.
In phantom study, the signal intensity of both contrast media was similar in lower concentration, however, signal intensity of MG was higher in more than 5.0 mmol/L. In clinical study, the RER of abdominal viscera on portal and equilibrium phase were higher in GAD. Hemangioma showed higher on equilibrium phase in GAD. The aortic RER did not show significant difference in all phases and liver RER on 2nd arterial phase showed much higher in GAD. Arterial phase in GAD might have been late for optimal timing.
When same injection protocol used for abdominal dynamic MRI, arterial phase became late in case of using GAD. The higher T1 relaxivity value showed significant higher enhancement in abdominal viscera on portal phase and equilibrium phase and hemangioma showed also significant higher enhancement on equilibrium phase.
When same injection protocol used for abdominal dynamic MRI, arterial phase became late in case of using GAD. The higher T1 relaxivity value showed significant higher enhancement in abdominal viscera on portal phase and equilibrium phase and hemangioma showed also significant higher enhancement on equilibrium phase.Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors of stroke, myocardial infarction and untimely death. The prevalence of hypertension is extremely high among the global population and many of them depend on modern medicines to manage their blood pressure. The modern antihypertensive medications include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), diuretics, betaadrenergic blockers, direct renin inhibitors, direct acting vasodilators, alpha-adrenergic blockers and centrally acting drugs that are associated with many harmful and undesirable effects. The patients may consider traditional herbal medicines as a good strategy to manage chronic conditions due to the reasons such as perceived failure of allopathic medicines, relatively high cost of allopathic medicines, social cultural practices and/or herbal knowledge, poor access to medical facilities and safety concerns about modern medicines. Nigella sativa (Black seeds) has been used to treat various conditions including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cancer, etc. Selleck Dihexa Hence, the antihypertensive potential of N. sativa is analyzed in this review. The literature was searched in databases including Medline/PMC/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ) and reference lists to identify articles associated with antihypertensive properties of N.sativa. Numerous randomized controlled trials and animal studies reported that N.sativa has potential antihypertensive effects. Hence, N. sativa could be used effectively to manage patients with stage 1 hypertension and the patients using modern antihypertensive medications could reduce their doses by adding N. sativa into their regimen as adjuvant therapy.
Breast cancer is the leading form of cancer in women, which is also hormone-dependent. Depend-ing on the receptor expression these cancers are subdivided to different forms; among the receptors, estrogen, progesterone, and Her2 are important. Targeting breast cancer (BC) has been difficult due to their varied nature; however, various Phyto-compounds, especially those are having estrogen-like properties, has been proven to be effective.
The present review is aimed to provide a detailed description of various Phytocompounds inhibiting breast cancer proliferation and progression; emphasize has been given to the role of phytoestrogens with their molecular mechanism of action.
The data were collected from reputed databases such as PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, Eu-rekaselect etc. Data on the phytoestrogens were collected using individual names and "phytoestrogens" as keywords. Arti-cles published in journals, which are not indexed by Thomson Reuters (SCI/SCIE/ESCI) are omitted.
Natural products are important drug candidates against multiple forms of breast cancer. In addition to the initiation and proliferation events, these molecules inhibit epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of BC. Phy-toestrogens are an important class of compounds which has known estrogenic potential; studies have also indicated the anticancer potentials of these molecules in cell culture and animal models of BC.
Natural plant compounds, especially, phytoestrogens are promising anti-breast cancer agents by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death. However, more clinical studies are necessary to up these mole-cules are commercial drug molecules.
Natural plant compounds, especially, phytoestrogens are promising anti-breast cancer agents by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death. However, more clinical studies are necessary to up these mole-cules are commercial drug molecules.
The general purpose of this review was to briefly describe the gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) and primary focuses on mechanisms of flotation for gastric retention. The principle mechanism of floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) is mainly based on hydro-dynamically controlled low-density system which gets swollen when come in contact with gastric environment and remain buoyant for extended period of time with improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The main perspective of this review was to focus on microbubble drug delivery due to its wide range of application. Microbubble is a new, economically viable and non-invasive technique which is alternative to conventional techniques. The size of microbubble ranges from 1-100 micrometers which contain oxygen or air and remain suspended for prolonged drug release. Due to its great potential microbubble is used in therapeutic delivery of drug molecule or genetic material at their specific targeted site in various diseases. The recent research also suggests that ultrasound mediated microbubble is more frequently used in biomedical field for imaging of site-specific molecule targeting for detection of disease and site-specific drug delivery.
