Wrennlehmann0874

Sarcoptic mange continues to impact free-ranging mammal populations, including the American black bear (Ursus americanus). Administration of a single oral dose of fluralaner may be a viable treatment option for captive and free-ranging black bears affected by mange. This novel ectoparasitic in the isoxazoline class acts as an inhibitor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) and is commercially available in the United States as a flea and tick preventative medication for domestic dogs and cats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of fluralaner were evaluated in clinically healthy American black bear cubs (n = 10) administered a single oral dose of fluralaner at a targeted minimum dose of 25 mg/kg. Blood was collected at 24 hr and 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, and 70 days, and harvested plasma was analyzed for drug concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography. The average half-life (Ke t1/2) was determined to be 4.9 days, which is shorter than that published in domestic dogs. It was estimated that the average drug withdrawal time is approximately 64-72 days in this species.Measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production are key components of ophthalmic examination. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were anesthetized using either tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ; 2 mg/kg) combined with medetomidine (TZM; 0.02 mg/kg), or, TZ alone (6mg/kg). Tear production was lower (P = 0.03) with TZM (5.63 ± 6.22 mm/min; n = 16) than with TZ (11.13 ± 4.63 mm/min; n = 8). Mean IOP, measured using rebound tonometry in an upright body position (n = 8) was 18.74 ± 3.01 mm Hg, with no differences between right and left eyes. However, positioning chimpanzees in left lateral recumbency (n = 27) resulted in higher IOP in the dependent (left) eye (24.77 ± 4.49 mm Hg) compared to the nondependent (right) eye (22.27 ± 4.65 mm Hg) of the same animal (P less then 0.0001). These data indicate medetomidine anesthesia markedly lowers tear production in chimpanzees, and that body position should be taken into consideration when performing rebound tonometry.This case series describes hepatocellular neoplasms in 10 Nile lechwe (Kobus megaceros) at two separate zoological institutions in Florida. Histologically, the neoplasms were classified as hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 7), hepatocellular adenoma (n = 2), and hepatobiliary carcinoma (n = 1). selleckchem Common clinical signs were nonspecific and included thin body condition (n =7), lethargy (n =6), lameness (n =3), and acute recumbency (n =5). Four males and six females were affected, and the mean age at death was 12.7 yr with a range of 4-18 yr. All cases were diagnosed postmortem, and metastasis to various sites, including lung, lymph nodes, and omentum, was found in 40% of cases (n = 4). A single case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Nile lechwe was described in 2007; however, this is the first reported series of neoplasms in Reduncinae. The pathogenesis behind the development of hepatocellular neoplasms in Nile lechwe has not yet been identified.Sloths are xenarthrans from Central and South America with a highly adapted morphophysiology. Five of the six known species of sloths are found in Brazil, among which Bradypus torquatus (maned three-toed sloth) is considered a vulnerable species by International Union for Conservation of Nature. Nevertheless, knowledge on health and disease of sloths is very scarce, thus this study aimed to describe macroscopic and microscopic findings in 36 Brazilian sloths. The most common findings included iron storage disorder, probable bacterial pneumonia, gastric and intestinal nematode parasitism, and a presumptive diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.The aim of this study was to screen for cardiac disease and report normal echocardiographic variables from a managed population of the African painted dog (Lycaon pictus; APD). The study included six male adult APDs under managed care with no evidence of significant structural cardiac disease. Echocardiography was performed with APD maintained under anesthesia with a combination of midazolam, butorphanol, and inhaled isoflurane. All animals underwent a full physical examination and two-dimensional (2D), M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography using standard views. Left ventricular volumes were calculated using the Simpson's method of discs. Medians with ranges were reported for the echocardiographic variables. No valvular structural abnormalities were noted. Trace mitral regurgitation was documented in five of six APD, trace tricuspid regurgitation in three of six, and mild pulmonic regurgitation in all APD. No aortic regurgitation was noted. Standard M-mode measurements fell within the normal ranges for allometrically scaled M-mode cardiac measurements for normal adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Two-dimensional measurements were comparable with that of domestic dogs with similar body weight. The study demonstrates a similarity in cardiac size and function compared with normal adult domestic dogs and provides baseline echocardiographic variables for investigation of cardiac health in other populations of APDs in the future.The red wolf (Canis rufus) is a critically endangered North American canid, with surviving conspecifics divided between a captive breeding population and a reintroduced free-ranging population. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of selected vector-borne pathogens in captive red wolves. Whole blood samples were collected from 35 captive red wolves. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed on extracted DNA to identify infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and vector-borne organisms within the following genera Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma, Neoehrlichia, Neorickettsia, and Rickettsia. All red wolves sampled were PCR-negative for all tested organisms. These pathogens are unlikely to constitute threats to red wolf conservation and breeding efforts under current captive management conditions. The results of this study establish a baseline that may facilitate ongoing disease monitoring in this species.