Wormjuel5964

Fresh putting on microalgae podium with regard to biodesalination method: A review.

BACKGROUND Glucoamylase is one of the most industrially applied enzymes, produced by Aspergillus species, like Aspergillus niger. Compared to the traditional ways of process optimization, the metabolic engineering strategies to improve glucoamylase production are relatively scarce. RESULTS In the previous study combined multi-omics integrative analysis and amino acid supplementation experiment, we predicted four amino acids (alanine, glutamate, glycine and aspartate) as the limited precursors for glucoamylase production in A. niger. To further verify this, five mutants namely OE-ala, OE-glu, OE-gly, OE-asp1 and OE-asp2, derived from the parental strain A. niger CBS 513.88, were constructed respectively for the overexpression of five genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the four kinds of amino acids (An11g02620, An04g00990, An05g00410, An04g06380 and An16g05570). Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that all these genes were successfully overexpressed at the mRNA level while the five mutants exhibited different performance in glucoamylase production in shake flask cultivation. Notably, the results demonstrated that mutant OE-asp2 which was constructed for reinforcing cytosolic aspartate synthetic pathway, exhibited significantly increased glucoamylase activity by 23.5% and 60.3% compared to CBS 513.88 in the cultivation of shake flask and the 5 L fermentor, respectively. Compared to A. niger CBS 513.88, mutant OE-asp2 has a higher intracellular amino acid pool, in particular, alanine, leucine, glycine and glutamine, while the pool of glutamate was decreased. CONCLUSION Our study combines the target prediction from multi-omics analysis with the experimental validation and proves the possibility of increasing glucoamylase production by enhancing limited amino acid biosynthesis. In short, this systematically conducted study will surely deepen the understanding of resources allocation in cell factory and provide new strategies for the rational design of enzyme production strains.BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, the proportion of pregnant women who use health facilities for delivery remains low. Although delivering in a health facility with skilled health providers can make the critical difference between survival and death for both mother and child, in 2016, more than 25% of pregnant women did not deliver in a health facility in Uganda. This study examines the association of contextual factors measured at the community-level with use of facility-based delivery in Uganda, after controlling for household and individual-level factors. METHODS Pooled household level data of 3310 observations of women who gave birth in the last five years is linked to community level data from the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS). A multilevel model that adequately accounted for the clustered nature of the data and the binary outcome of whether or not the woman delivered in a health facility was estimated. RESULTS The study findings show a positive association at the county level between targeting and developing relevant nation-wide community-level health promotion campaigns. However, limited evidence was found in broad support of the role of community level factors.BACKGROUND Mutations in GATA6 are the most frequent cause of pancreatic agenesis. Most cases present with neonatal diabetes mellitus. CASE PRESENTATION The case was a female born after an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery in a non-consanguineous family (3.59 kg, 70th percentile). Severe cardiac malformations were diagnosed at two and a half months old. Vorinostat cell line No hyperglycaemic episodes were recorded in the neonatal period. Diabetes was diagnosed at 21 years due to the detection of incidental glycosuria. She had a low but detectable C-peptide level at diagnosis. Anti-GAD and Islet-cell antibodies were negative and she failed oral hypoglycaemic therapy and was started on insulin. Abdominal MRI revealed the absence of most of the neck, body, and tail of pancreas with normal pancreas elastase levels. Criteria for type 1 or type 2 diabetes were not fulfilled, therefore a next generation sequencing (NGS) panel was performed. A novel heterozygous pathogenic GATA6 mutation (p.Tyr235Ter) was identified. The GATA6 variant was not detected in her parents, implying that the mutation had arisen de novo in the proband. CONCLUSION Rarely GATA6 mutations can cause adult onset diabetes. This report highlights the importance of screening the GATA6 gene in patients with adult-onset diabetes, congenital cardiac defects and pancreatic agenesis with no first-degree family history of diabetes. It also emphasizes the importance of genetic counselling in these patients as future offspring will be at risk of inheriting the variant and developing GATA6 anomalies.BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and outcomes after acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We aimed to investigate associations between AKI and readmission risks after hospitalization for AECOPD. METHODS A retrospective, population-based cohort study using State Inpatient Databases from seven U.S. states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, New York, and Utah) from 2010 through 2013. We identified all adults (aged ≥40 years) hospitalized for AECOPD during the study period. Among them, we further identified patients with a concurrent diagnosis of new AKI. Vorinostat cell line The outcome measures were any-cause readmissions within 30 days and 90 days after hospitalization for AECOPD. To determine associations between AKI and readmission risk, we constructed Cox proportional hazards models examining the time-to-readmission. We also identified the primary reason of readmission. RESULTS We identified 356,990 patients hospitalized for AECOPD. The median age was 71 years and 41.9% were male. Of these, 24,833 (7.0%) had a concurrent diagnosis of AKI. Overall, patients with AKI had significantly higher risk of 30-day all-cause readmission compared to those without AKI (hazard ratio 1.47; 95% CI 1.43-1.51; P  less then  0.001). Likewise, patients with AKI had significantly higher risk of 90-day all-cause readmission (hazard ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.32-1.38; P  less then  0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders (both P  less then  0.05). Additionally, patients with AKI were likely to be readmitted for non-respiratory reasons including sepsis, acute renal failure, and congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Among patients hospitalized for AECOPD, patients with AKI were at higher risk of 30-day and 90-day readmission, particularly with non-respiratory reasons.