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17%) in the suprasternal notch, and one (2.08%) in the retrosternal space. Histopathologically, 39 (81.25%) BCAs had a lymphoepithelial structure and nine (18.75%) BCAs had solitary epithelial cells. Inflammation and infection were observed in 24 (50%) and 12 (25%) cases, respectively.

None of the hypothesized developmental theories fully explain the embryonic origin of BCA in our study sample. A possible explanation of BCA histogenesis is through the hybrid "branchial inclusion" theory.

None of the hypothesized developmental theories fully explain the embryonic origin of BCA in our study sample. A possible explanation of BCA histogenesis is through the hybrid "branchial inclusion" theory.

During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic the government of the state of Bavaria, Germany, declared astate of emergency for its entire territory for the first time in history. Some areas in eastern Bavaria were among the most severely affected communities in Germany, prompting authorities and hospitals to build up capacities for asurge of COVID-19patients. In some areas, intensive care unit (ICU) capacities were heavily engaged, which occasionally made aredistribution of patients necessary.

For managing COVID-19-related hospital capacities and patient allocation, crisis management squads in Bavaria were expanded by disaster task force medical officers ("Ärztlicher Leiter Führungsgruppe Katastrophenschutz" [MO]) with substantial executive authority. The authors report their experiences as MO concerning the superordinate patient allocation management in the district of Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) in eastern Bavaria.

By abandoning routine patient care and building up additional ICU resources, surgsought to keep up routine interhospital reallocation procedures as much as possible, thereby reducing management time and effort. Occasionally, difficulties were observed during patient allocations crossing district borders, if other MO followed different management principles. The nursing home blockade and conflicting financial interests of hospitals posed challenges to the work of the disaster task force medical officers.

Research on short-term outcomes and oncology results after robotic gastrectomy (RG) is still limited, especially from a single surgical team. The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term and long-term outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG).

Between October 2014 and September 2019, 1686 consecutive patients who underwent MIS gastrectomy were enrolled. The patients were divided into RG and LG groups according to surgical type. Groups were matched at a 11 ratio using propensity scores based on the following variables age, sex, ASA score, primary tumor location, histologic type, pathological stage, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcomes were 3-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The secondary outcomes were postoperative short-term outcomes.

Demographic and baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups after matching. Compared to the LG group, the RG group had a significantly higher retrieved lymph node (LN) number (32.15 vs 30.82, P = 0.040), more retrieved supra-pancreatic LNs (12.45 vs 11.61, P = 0.028), lower estimated blood loss (73.67 vs 98.08ml, P < 0.001), but longer operation time (205.18 vs 185.27min, P < 0.001) and higher hospitalization costs ($13,607 vs $10,928, P < 0.001) in the matched cohort. In the subgroup analysis, we observed that compared with LG, patients with advanced gastric cancer benefitted more from RG surgery. The matched cohort analysis demonstrated no statistically significant differences for 3-year OS or RFS (log-rank, P = 0.648 and P = 0.951, respectively) 80.3% and 77.0% in LG vs. 81.2% and 76.6% in RG, respectively.

RG has certain technical advantages over LG, especially in patients with advanced gastric cancer. However, RG does not improve long-term oncology outcomes.

RG has certain technical advantages over LG, especially in patients with advanced gastric cancer. However, RG does not improve long-term oncology outcomes.

Due to improvements in endoscopic as well as robotic technology, and a request for better cosmetic results, there was a significant increase in thyroid surgery using these methods during the past decade.

The aim of our study is to evaluate the perioperative short- and long-term outcome as well as the learning curve of EndoCATS and the Quality of Life (QoL).

A total of 150 patients with 152 hemithyroidectomies who underwent endoscopic thyroid surgery by EndoCATS between 2010 and 2016 were enrolled in this study. The mean specimen volume was 15.04g ± 7.89g. The mean operation time was 132.79 ± 50.52min. There is a significant reduction of the operation time after the 53th case. see more (p < 0.05) There was no acute rebleeding or permanent hypoparathyroidism. Permanent RLN palsy occurred in 3 nerves at risk (NAR) 1.97%. There were no cases of pneumothorax, postoperative infections or skin flap ischemia. 94.11% of the patients describe their state of general health as good as or better than before the surgery.

EndoCATS is a safe and effective, but a demanding single port access procedure; therefore, extensive training is required. An advantage is the near ideal visualization of the RLN and the parathyroid glands as well as the ability to recover even large specimens without difficulties.

EndoCATS is a safe and effective, but a demanding single port access procedure; therefore, extensive training is required. An advantage is the near ideal visualization of the RLN and the parathyroid glands as well as the ability to recover even large specimens without difficulties.

Endoscopic per-oral pyloromyotomy (POP) has emerged as a safe and effective first line option in medically refractory gastroparesis. Determining the appropriate extent of the pyloromyotomy continues to present a challenge as there are no standardized tools for measuring changes in pyloric distensibility during the procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of using impedance planimetry with endoscopic functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) to measure changes in pyloric distensibility after POP, and to compare these changes with improvement in symptoms and objective gastric emptying.

Patients with medically refractory gastroparesis underwent POP with FLIP measurements of the pylorus (EndoFLIP®, Medtronic, Fridley MN). FLIP measurements, as well as changes in symptoms measured by the validated gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI) and scintigraphic gastric emptying studies (GES), were evaluated before and after POP.

A total of 14 patients underwent measurement with FLIP during POP, 12 of whom had pre- and post-POP measurements.