Wootenbradford6288
In microscopic assessment of mineralized tissue, decalcification is an important step during tissue processing. The present study was attempted to compare the efficacy of various decalcifying agents and to evaluate the most efficacious decalcifying agent.
The aim was to study and compare the time taken for complete decalcification of the specimen by six different chemical agents; to study and compare the effect of various decalcifying agents on cellular and nuclear changes of hard and soft tissues; to study and compare the effect of various decalcifying agents used on the staining intensity with Ehrlich's Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and to determine the ideal decalcification technique.
The six decalcifying agents, namely 5% nitric acid, 8% formic acid, formalin-nitric acid, 5% trichloroacetic acid, neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Perenyi's fluid were used to decalcify 30 human permanent teeth (5 teeth in each solution). The endpoint of decalcification was evaluated by chemical (calciune histopathological diagnosis.
Five percent trichloroacetic acid was showing the most efficient result as it balances both tissue integrity and time factor suggesting that it can be used as a stable decalcifying agent for routine histopathological diagnosis.
Although recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral mucosal disease, the etiology remains poorly understood till date. In addition, RAS lacks definitive therapeutic options, and hence, it becomes even more important to know the etiological factor so as to relieve the symptoms and render treatment effectively. Recently, late bedtime has been shown to be associated with RAS. Due to prolonged duty hours along with lengthy learning and training periods, late bedtime is a frequent observation among health-care professional students. However, this is a less explored field in the previous studies on RAS.
This study aimed to evaluate the role of bedtime in the causation of RAS among health-care professional students.
This present cross-sectional survey was carried out among medical, dental and nursing students studying in our medical campus, using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 18 items. The collected data was statistically analyzed and interpreted. Descriptive analents with RAS, especially health-care professional students, and could probably contribute to long-term remission in RAS.Current times have seen growing use of social medial tools, including microblogging sites like Twitter as an efficient method to disseminate information related to health amongst patients, students as well as health care workers. This article explores the role of this short, effective messaging platform in oral health care, teaching, research and learning. The concepts of "tweeting the meeting" and aggregation of conversations via "hashtags" is advocated for academic conferences, which will extend the conference reach to give the users better access to the instructors and enhance the related outcomes. Tweeting and retweeting the required research content may increase the academic footprint of the conducted research and researchers. In addition, it has served an immense role in the current COVID-19 pandemic by the regular circulation of information to the public and helped governments in policymaking and showcasing the areas of public concern. However, it still has a huge potential yet to be explored, with collective efforts towards strengthening the aspects of authenticity and standardization of the shared content.
It has been reported that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with the presence of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) in 15%-48% of cases. Among PMDs, oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common, with 16%-62% of cases associated with OSCC. Hence, in the present study, we have analyzed demographic data and re-evaluated immunohistochemical (IHC) data of OL cases and aimed to correlate the clinical, histopathological and IHC aspects of OL.
The data of histopathologically diagnosed cases of OL were retrieved from the archives. These data were further evaluated for age, gender, duration, site, size, side, habits, clinical staging and histopathological grading. IHC re-evaluation of OL tissues was done using epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin),
= 20; human MutL homolog 1 (hMLH1),
= 30; CD1a (
= 30); vimentin (
= 30); Ki-67 (
= 30); heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70),
= 30; p16
,
= 20; and mucin-1 (MUC1),
= 30. All the results and observations were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.
The male female ratio was 7.51; right side and buccal mucosa were more commonly affected. The duration of the lesion ranged from 1 to 30 years. One hundred and twelve patients were habituated to tobacco chewing, while 171 patients came with a combined habit of smoke and smokeless tobacco usage. Clinically, most of the lesions were of stage 2 while histopathologically they were of mild dysplasia. There was a decrease in the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, hMLH1 and CD1a, while there was an increase in the immunoexpression of vimentin, Ki-67, HSP-70, MUC1 and p16
.
The study of different biomarkers such as cytoplasmic, membranous and nuclear in OL will help in better understanding and application of a reliable marker for diagnostic and prognostic purpose.
The study of different biomarkers such as cytoplasmic, membranous and nuclear in OL will help in better understanding and application of a reliable marker for diagnostic and prognostic purpose.Various treatment modalities have been practiced for the suppression of premalignant conditions such as oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) to prevent their differentiation into malignant lesions. Conventional treatment includes steroids, enzymes like hyaluronidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and placental extracts which are advocated intralesionally and oral drugs like carotenoids, alpha lipoic acid, lycopene, vitamins, microelements and tea pigments have also been advocated.In this study, a total number of 30 patients with OSMF were taken and randomly divided into two groups with 15 patients each according to Khanna and Andrade group of classification 1995. Group 1 (test group) received the test drug Tretiome 20 mg, whereas Group 2 (control group) received an antioxidant lycopene 20 mg/day for a period of 1 month and the effect of the therapy with the changes in the symptoms was recorded every 1 week, 15 days and 30 days of follow-up. The result of this study showed an improvement in the mouth opening of the patients of test Group with a significant decrease in the burning sensation as compared to the control group (P less then 0.05). Xerostomia and headache were the two most commonly seen side effects which were reported in the patients of the test group, of which headache was associated with the withdrawal symptom of habit cessation and xerostomia was taken care by increase in hydration.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be preceded by the appearance of lesions which have the potential to develop into cancer. Recently, it was suggested that the tumor-associated lymphatic vessels formation plays an active role in tumor progression and metastasis of several human malignancies including OSCC. There is the view that, in an individual lesion, the more severe the dysplasia, the greater the likelihood is of progression to malignancy.
This study is aimed to investigate podoplanin (PDPN) immunoexpression in lymphatic vessels of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in histologic grades of OED.
The study group comprised thirty histopathologically diagnosed cases of OED with various grades of differentiation and thirty cases of clinically normal oral mucosa. After immunohistochemical staining, cases of OED were immunohistochemically analyzed quantitatively for PDPN (D2-40) LVD.
The statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance; pair-wise Tukey's
test was applied to evaluate the significant differences among the mean values in different groups. Results with "
< 0.05" were considered to be statistically significant at 95% of confidence level.
PDPN LVD scores increased with increasing grades of dysplasia. Pair-wise comparisons of the PDPN LVD scores and the histopathologic grades of OED were found to be statistically significant (
< 0.05).
Increase in PDPN LVD in OED represents a promising tool for more wide spread studies of tumor lymphangiogenesis and its role in progression of dysplastic lesion to human cancer.
Increase in PDPN LVD in OED represents a promising tool for more wide spread studies of tumor lymphangiogenesis and its role in progression of dysplastic lesion to human cancer.
The developmental stages of the teeth in the radiographs are graded on an ordinal scale. The present study was conducted using 123 digital orthopantomograms from individuals in the age group of 5 to 22 years and to analyze and evaluate the inter-observer agreement in grading the developmental stages of second and third molars. Four observers with different levels of practical experience in age estimation participated in the study. The development stages of both the molars in the lower left quadrant (3
quadrant) were assigned based on the Demirjian's 10 stage chart. The percentage agreement and Kappa statistics were used to test the agreement between the observers. The data of the observer 1 were used as the standard for the comparison.
There was 70.0%-75.6% agreement among the observers in staging second molar and 52%-68.3% for the third molars. There was an excellent agreement (
> 080) between observer 1 and observer 2 and a good agreement (
= 060-0.79) between observer 1 and the other two observers for both the molars. The Fleiss Kappa revealed moderate to a good overall agreement for both the molars (
= 0.51-0.66). AZD4547 The Freidman's test revealed a significant difference in the grading of third molars between all the raters (χ
= 25.02,
3,
< 0.001) and for the second molar the difference was not significant (χ
= 3.89,
3,
> 0.05). The stage-wise overall agreement was fair for Stage 3 in the second molar and Stage 9 and Stage 4 in the third molar.
In conclusion, proper training in the radiographic interpretation of developmental stages may minimize the errors during the age estimation methods.
In conclusion, proper training in the radiographic interpretation of developmental stages may minimize the errors during the age estimation methods.
Pregnancy is a physiological condition in which the maternal environment undergoes many changes. Serum uric acid (UA) levels have been used for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia, predictor of reduced birth weight and fetal outcome. UA is also expressed in saliva, and collection of saliva sample is a noninvasive method which will be more acceptable by the patients.
The present study aimed to estimate and compare serum and salivary UA levels in age-matched healthy nonpregnant and healthy pregnant women at different trimesters longitudinally.
Forty female participants with age ranging between 20 and 38 years comprised the study population. The study group consisted of 20 healthy nonpregnant women (controls) and an equal number of confirmed cases of healthy pregnant women in the first trimester (cases). The cases were followed in their second and third trimesters for the sample collection.
Both serum and salivary UA levels were significantly reduced in the first trimester of pregnancy than the controls.
