Winklerhvid0658

Frog survival increased with NDVI, but mitigation had a stronger effect than NDVI suggesting that excavated mitigation ponds were particularly important for frog survival during drought. In contrast, frog recruitment was associated with NDVI more than mitigation, but only in meadows where NDVI was dependent on precipitation. At meadows with available groundwater, recruitment was associated with mitigation ponds. These findings suggest that mitigation ponds are critical for juvenile frogs to recruit into the adult population, but recruitment can also be increased by raising water tables in meadows lacking groundwater sources. Lagged recruitment (i.e., effects on larvae and juveniles) was negatively associated with NDVI. This study illustrates the ecohydrological complexity of drought mitigation and demonstrates novel ways to assess the effectiveness of drought mitigation using time series of readily available satellite imagery and organismal data.

Exposure to air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO

) and particulate matters (PMs)) or physical inactivity is linked to telomere length (TL) shortening. However, there is a lack of research on combined effects of either NO

or PMs and physical activity (PA) on TL. PR-171 inhibitor This study aimed to explore the joint associations of air pollutants (NO

or PMs) and PA with relative TL in rural Chinese adults.

This study was conducted among 2704 participants aged 18-79years in rural China. Concentrations of NO

and PMs (PM with an aerodynamics diameter≤1.0μm (PM

), ≤2.5μm (PM

) or ≤10μm (PM

)) were estimated using random forest models incorporated with satellites data, meteorological data, and land use information. Relative TL of each participant was measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression models were applied to examine the independent associations between PA, NO

or PMs and relative TL. Interaction plots were used to depict the altered associations between NO

, PM

, PM

, or PM

and relative TL along with increasing PA levels.

Each 1μg/m

increment in NO

, PM

, PM

, or PM

was associated with a 0.038 (95% confidence intervals (CI) -0.044, -0.033), 0.036 (95% CI -0.041, -0.031), 0.052 (95% CI -0.059, -0.045), or 0.022 (95% CI -0.025, -0.019) decrease in relative TL among all participants; similar findings were observed among normal glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) participants as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. PA at certain levels counteracted the association of air pollutants (NO

, PM

, PM

, and PM

) with relative TL among IFG participants or T2DM patients.

Long-term exposure to NO

and PMs was associated with relative TL shortening and these effects may be counteracted by PA at certain levels in IFG participants or T2DM patients.

Long-term exposure to NO2 and PMs was associated with relative TL shortening and these effects may be counteracted by PA at certain levels in IFG participants or T2DM patients.Microbial degraders play crucial roles in wastewater treatment processes, but their use is limited as most microbes are yet unculturable. Stable isotope probing (SIP) is a cultivation-independent technique identifying functional-yet-uncultivable microbes in ambient environment, but is unsatisfactory for substrates with low assimilation rate owing to the low isotope incorporation into DNA. In this study, we used acetonitrile as the target low-assimilation chemical in many wastewater treatment plants and attempted to identify the active acetonitrile degraders in the activated sludge, via DNA-SIP and magnetic-nanoparticle mediated isolation (MMI) which is another cultivation-independent approach without the requirement of substrate labeling. The two approaches identified different active acetonitrile degraders in a 3-day short-term anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). MMI enriched significantly more acetonitrile-degraders than SIP, showing the advantages in identifying the active degraders for low-assimilation substrates. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR, 30-day degradation) helped in more incorporation of 15N-labeled acetonitrile into the active degraders, thus the same acetonitrile-degraders and acetonitrile-degrading genes were identified by SIP and MMI. Different acetonitrile degraders between ANAMMOX and SBR were attributed to the distinct hydrological conditions. Our study for the first time explored the succession of acetonitrile-degraders in wastewater and identified the active acetonitrile-degraders which could be further enriched for enhancing acetonitrile degradation performance. These findings provide new insights into the acetonitrile metabolic process in wastewater treatment plants and offer suggestive conclusions for selecting appropriate treatment strategy in wastewater management.Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is an antibiotic frequently detected in soil and groundwater. The transport of SDZ in subsurface environment is a critical process affecting its retention in soil. To date, the effects of iron oxide and metal cation on the transport of SDZ remain largely unknown, so we investigated the transport properties of SDZ in cleaned and iron oxides coated quartz sand, as affected by the presence of conventional cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) and Cd2+ through column experiments and simulation. We found that iron oxide coating on sand surface inhibited the transport of SDZ, mainly due to hydrophobic effect, complexation, and electrostatic attraction. The inhibitory effect became more marked with increasing concentration of Cd2+. It favors the transport of Cd2+ due to the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged iron oxide and Cd2+. Ca2+ promoted the transport of SDZ in coated sand, while all the conventional cations had no effect on the transport of SDZ in cleaned sand. The increase in the concentration of Cd2+ favors the transport of SDZ in cleaned sand. However, in iron oxide coated sand, the influence of Cd2+ on the transport of SDZ was dependent on the concentration of Cd2+. At lower concentration of Cd2+ and by competition, the transport is favored. At high concentration, the transport is inhibited mainly due to the formation of ternary surface complexes. A convective-dispersive transport model was applied to simulate and interpret experimental data. Breakthrough curves fitted well with a one-site model (OSM), indicating that SDZ adsorption on the sand experiences reversible kinetic. A low level of KF values with nearly linear sorption isotherm shows high mobility of SDZ and a high potential risk of surface and groundwater contamination. However, such high mobility can be reduced by increasing the content of iron oxides in porous media.