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Besides, patients with highest quartiles of cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) were 1.64, 1.39, and 0.64 times more possible to have CKD, respectively, as compared with the lowest levels. In the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model, cadmium (Cd) had a combined effect with lead (Pb) possibly. This study suggested that the CKD risk was associated with exposure of multiple metals in elderly people. The underlying mechanisms of serum metals and CKD need more experimental and prospective studies to elucidate.The extensive spread of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the aquatic environment has attracted widespread attention. The toxicity of cadmium (Cd) combined with microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) toward freshwater algae Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was investigated to evaluate the environmental behavior of the Cd complexation in fresh water. Cd alone has the highest toxicity to algae. Both MPs and NPs also have a negative effect on the growth of algae as individual components due to their adsorption of nutrients and disruption of the alga's activity in a single MPs/NPs system. Compared with the single system, the toxicity of compound pollution including MPs + Cd and NPs + Cd becomes stronger, which presents a synergistic effect. In the presence of NPs, more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) appeared, which helped to reduce the toxic effect on the algal cells. Moreover, MPs/NPs + Cd stimulate the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) under different treatments. Overall, the aquatic environmental assessment shows potentially elevated risks associated with combined MPs/NPs with Cd, which should be considered.Agaricus bisporus production gets a lot of residues, which could be fermented by a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). PDD00017273 This research was conducted to study the characteristics of the multiphase flow field in the reactor and its influence on the efficiency of biogas production in the CSTR fermentation process of Agaricus bisporus residue by using CFD numerical simulation technique. The aim is to reveal the relationship between the reactor operating conditions, flow field characteristics, and biogas production efficiency at the micro-level. We compared the results of different turbulence models by evaluating the power quotients and flow quotients with the experimental results to derive the most suitable flow field model inside the reactor for the Agaricus bisporus residues. The results showed that, under the condition that the number of grids does not affect the simulation results, and considering the model accuracy and efficiency, the numerical method can be chosen as the multiple reference frame (MRF) method of the second-order upwind discrete scheme with the realizable k - ε model. In this way, we can make use of edible mushroom residue as a substrate for resource utilization and provide basic data and theoretical basis for the design and scale-up with anaerobic fermentation to biogas reactor.Here, silica sand-supported heterojunction composite of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) and graphene oxide nanosheet (nZnO-GO@SS) was prepared, and its potential as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) under sunlight was demonstrated. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the uniform distribution of spherically shaped nZnO of average size of approximately 8 nm over graphene oxide nanosheet (GO) in the composites. Photodegradation yields of 95.3% and 97.5% for 100 ppm of MB and Rh-B dye within 150 and 220 min, respectively, were achieved under sunlight by the prepared nanocatalyst (nZnO-GO), while sand microparticle-supported nanocatalyst (nZnO-GO@SS) demonstrated faster degradation of MB and Rh-B, i.e., within 120 and 160 min, respectively. Furthermore, when the recyclability of the photocatalyst was studied, the nZnO-GO exhibited more than 80% degradation efficiency after five cycles for both the dyes and nZnO-GO@SS demonstrated 10% higher (~90%) removal capability after five cycles of reuse. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay showed complete inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strain by nZnO-GO@SS. Hence, our proposed strategy for the removal of toxic dyes from the aquatic environment under sunlight proved that sand microparticle-supported nanocatalyst (nZnO-GO@SS) might be a superior, cost-effective, and suitable photocatalytic system for industrial applications toward toxic dye removal and decontamination from industrial wastewater.Evidence of the short-term effects of ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on the economic burden of ischemic stroke is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between short-term ambient SO2 exposure and hospitalization costs for ischemic stroke in Chongqing, the most populous city in China. The hospital-based study included 7271 ischemic stroke inpatients. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between SO2 concentration and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was used to compare the patients' characteristics when exposed to SO2 concentrations above and below 20 μg/m3. It is found that short-term SO2 exposure was positively correlated with the hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke. The association was more evident in males, people younger than 65, and people hospitalized in the cool seasons. Besides, among the components of hospitalization costs, medicine costs were most significantly associated with SO2. More interesting, the lower concentration of SO2, the higher costs associated with 1 μg/m3 SO2 change. Above all, SO2 was positively associated with hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke, even at its low levels. The measures to reduce the level of SO2 can help reduce the burden of ischemic stroke.The aim of this study was to assess the associations of urinary thiocyanate, nitrate, and perchlorate concentrations with dyslipidemia, individually and in combination, which has not previously been studied. Data from the 2001-2002 and 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. The dependent variables were continuous serum lipid variables (triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B [Apo B]) and binary serum lipid variables, with the latter reflecting dyslipidemia (elevated TG, ≥ 150 mg/dL; elevated TC, ≥ 200 mg/dL; elevated LDL-C, ≥ 130 mg/dL; lowered HDL-C,  less then  40 mg/dL in men and  less then  5 0 mg/dL in women; elevated non-HDL-C, ≥ 160 mg/dL; and elevated Apo B, ≥ 130 mg/dL). Multivariate logistic, linear, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses were used to explore the associations of thiocyanay thiocyanate, nitrate, and perchlorate concentrations, individually and in combination, were associated with dyslipidemia.A novel hybrid inclined-multi effect vertical diffusion (Hybrid I-MEVD) solar still has been proposed and its viability for sustainable water distillation has been assessed based on detailed techno-enviro-economic aspects. The optimum number of diffusion chambers and recommended diffusion gap of integrated MEVD still was estimated to be 4 and 0.01 m, respectively. Incorporation of the bottom reflector at yearly average optimum tilt angle enhanced yield by about 34.0 to 90.0%. Yearly average distillate yield, coefficient of performance, and exergy efficiency were about 21.35 kg/day, 1.05, and 10.44%, respectively. Net carbon-di-oxide, sulphur-di-oxide, and nitrogen oxide emission mitigation potential ranged between 37.02 to 65.05 tons, 266.20 to 467.71 kg and 108.73 to 191.04 kg, respectively. Global warming potential, acidification potential, photochemical oxidants creation potential, eutrophication potential, and human toxicity potential were about 67.25 kg of CO2/kL of distillate, 591.04 g of SO2/kL of distillate, 178.63 g of C2H4/kL of distillate, 23.22 g of PO4/kL of distillate, and 698.53 g of DCB/kL of distillate, respectively. The minimum distillate production cost was estimated to be about 13.3 USD/kL. High distillate production rate, minimal environmental footprint, and distillate production cost justify Hybrid I-MEVD still to be a sustainable option for potable water production in fresh water-starved regions.Understanding energy-environmental efficiency is important for coordinating economic development and eco-environment protection through energy use; however, vague definitions and conflicting results confuse researchers and policymakers and impact China's high-quality development. After delimiting energy-environmental efficiency, this study employed the intermediate adjustment situation three-stage Slacks-Based Model Data Envelopment Analysis model to explore Chinese provincial energy-environmental efficiencies from 1995 to 2018, and discussed their impacts by regional strategies. The results illustrated that Chinese energy-environmental efficiencies were overestimated, and their national average value dropped from 0.573 to 0.361 after removing the influence of external environmental factors and random interference. Moreover, energy-environmental efficiencies in East China performed significantly better than other regions, with expanding gaps between regions existed. Moreover, China maintained low-scale efficiency and high pure energy-environmental efficiency, and the low-scale efficiency led to the worrisome energy-environmental efficiency. Fortunately, pure energy-environmental efficiencies were promising, but their downward trends that started in 2002 should be a warning. Unexpectedly, the regional strategies held various impacts, they benefitted overall energy-environmental efficiency and scale efficiency, but not help pure energy-environmental efficiency, and the impacts were weak and short time. Policymakers should improve scale efficiency and formulate regional strategies in a timely manner to maintain energy-environmental efficiency improvement.Desertification is one of the most serious ecological environmental problems in the world. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of desertification is crucial for its control. The region around Qinghai Lake, in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, is a special ecological function area and a climate change sensitive area, making its environmental conditions a great concern. Using cloud computing via Google Earth Engine (GEE), we collected Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, and MODIS Albedo images from 2000 to 2020 in the region around Qinghai Lake, acquired land surface albedo (Albedo), and normalized vegetation index (NDVI) to build a remote sensing monitoring model of desertification. Our results showed that the desertification difference index based on the Albedo-NDVI feature space could reflect the degree of desertification in the region around Qinghai Lake. GEE offers significant advantages, such as massive data processing and long-term dynamic monitoring. The desertification land area fluctuated downward in the study area from 2000 to 2020, and the overall desertification status improved. Natural factors, such as climate change from warm-dry to warm-wet and decreased wind speed, and human factors improved the desertification situation. The findings indicate that desertification in the region around Qinghai Lake has been effectively controlled, and the overall desertification trend is improving.