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Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) was detected in field-grown Cucumis melo (rockmelon) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) plants in the Sunraysia district of New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, in 2012, 2013, and 2016, and in two watermelon seed lots tested at the Australian border in 2016. High-throughput sequencing was used to generate near full-length genomes of six isolates detected during the incursions and seed testing. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomes suggests that there have been at least two incursions of MNSV into Australia and none of the field isolates were the same as the isolates detected in seeds. The analysis indicated that one watermelon field sample (L10), the Victorian rockmelon field sample, and two seed interception samples may have European origins. The results showed that two isolates (L8 and L9) from watermelon were divergent from the type MNSV strain (MNSV-GA, D12536.2) and had 99% nucleotide identity to two MNSV isolates from human stool collected in the United States (KY124135.1, KY124136.1). These isolates also had high nucleotide pairwise identity (96%) to a partial sequence from a Spanish MNSV isolate (KT962848.1). The analysis supported the identification of three previously described MNSV genotype groups EU-LA, Japan melon, and Japan watermelon. To account for the greater diversity of hosts and geographic regions of the MNSV isolates used in this study, it is suggested that the genotype groups EU-LA, Japan melon, and Japan watermelon be renamed to groups I, II, and III, respectively. The divergent isolates L8 and L9 from this study and the stool isolates from the United States formed a fourth genotype group, group IV. Soil collected from the site of the Victorian rockmelon MNSV outbreak was found to contain viable MNSV and the virus vector, a chytrid fungus, Olpidium bornovanus (Sahtiyanci) Karling, 18 months after the initial MNSV detection. This is a first report of O. bornovanus from soil sampled from an MNSV-contaminated site in Australia.Peach scab, caused by Venturia carpophila, is a damaging disease of peach in the southeastern United States. Thus, fungicides are applied to reduce peach scab. Tractor speed was investigated as a variable affecting spray deposition and disease control in relation to volume applied. In experiments in 2015 and 2016, trees were sprayed with fungicide to control scab at petal fall to 1% shuck split and at shuck split to 10% shuck off. Speeds were 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 kph resulting in 1,403, 935, and 701 liters/ha, respectively, with the dose of active ingredient (a.i.) per ha kept constant. Deposition declined for all speeds with later spray dates. There was a negative linear relationship between tractor speed and spray coverage on three of four dates the experiment was repeated. Tractor speed (different volumes, equal doses) affected peach scab. In 2015 and 2016, mean incidence at 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 kph was 68.6, 59.2, and 38.3%, and 64.2, 53.0, and 40.4% of fruit scabbed, respectively. Effect of speed on lesion number per fruit depended on year in 2015, lesions per fruit were reduced at 6.4 kph compared with 3.2 and 4.8 kph but were not different in 2016. Control trees had fewer lesions per fruit high in the canopy, but there was little effect of sample height in fungicide-treated trees. Concentration of a.i. in lower volumes applied at higher speed may provide some benefit in reducing incidence of peach scab, but there appeared to be less effect on severity.Background Long-term experience with prostatic artery embolization (PAE) for benign prostatic hyperplasia remains limited. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long-term results of PAE for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study was conducted from June 2008 to June 2018 in patients with moderate to severe benign prostatic hyperplasia-related symptoms. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality-of-life score, maximum urinary flow rate, postvoid residual volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume were assessed. PAE was performed with 100-500-μm embolic microspheres. Mixed-model analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meyer method was accessed, as appropriate. Results A total of 317 consecutive men (mean age ± standard deviation, 65 years ± 8) were treated. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 96 months (mean, 27 months). Bilateral and unilateral PAE was performed in 298 (94%) and 19 (6%) men, respectively. Early clinical failure occurrctive procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia with good long-term results for lower urinary tract symptoms. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article.Background Collateral status assessed with single- or multiphase CT angiography can be used to predict outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, little is known about whether these measures could be comparable with CT perfusion parameters. Purpose To compare the predictive ability of collateral score systems assessed with single- or multiphase CT angiography and CT perfusion parameters in determining clinical outcomes in patients with AIS. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, data obtained from October 2017 to August 2018 in consecutive patients with AIS caused by isolated anterior circulation large artery occlusion and that were obtained within 24 hours after onset were reviewed. The collateral score was assessed by using established scoring systems described by Menon et al. The correlations between single- and multiphase collateral scores, hypoperfusion, and ischemic core volume and final infarct volume (FIV) determined by follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging or unenhanceds (odds ratio = 3.04, P = .001). Conclusion Multiphase Menon score performed better than single-phase Menon score and was comparable with CT perfusion parameters in determining clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. © RSNA, 2020.Background Hepatobiliary phase (HBP) hypointense nodules without arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI may indicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or nonmalignant cirrhosis-associated nodules. find more Purpose To assess the distribution of pathologic diagnoses of HBP hypointense nodules without APHE at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and to evaluate clinical and imaging features in differentiating their histologic grades. Materials and Methods This retrospective multicenter study included pathologic analysis-confirmed HBP hypointense nodules without APHE (≤30 mm) in patients with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis screened between January 2008 and June 2016. Central pathologic review by 10 pathologists determined final histologic grades as progressed HCC, early HCC, high-grade dysplastic nodule (DN), and low-grade DN or regenerative nodule. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI features were analyzed by three radiologists. Multivariable logistic regression analyses with elastic net regularization were performed to identify clinical and imaging features for differentiating histologic grades.