Williamsstout5993

Lyophilized nanosuspension of poorly soluble Ethinyl estradiol (EE) was fabricated to enhance its solubility and bioavailability using a quality-by-design (QbD) approach. With the help of the Ishikawa diagram, prospective risk factors were identified and screened by Placket-Burman design to investigate the effects of formulation and process variables on dependent variables. The number of cycles (X4), the concentration of soya lecithin (X5) and the concentration of tween 80 (X7) were identified as significant factors (P less then 0.05), which were further optimized using Central Composite Design. The mean particle size, zeta potential, drug content and entrapment efficiency of optimized lyophilized EE nanosuspension (EENPs) was 220±0.37 nm, -19.3±6.73 mV, 92.23±0.45%, 99.52±0.52%, respectively. Significantly, EENPs enhances Cmax and AUC0-t by 1.5, 1.7 folds and relative bioavailability by 2-fold with its distribution being at higher concentrations in the liver, spleen, and stomach. Thus, QbD based approach for the development of nanosuspension could be an absolute, optimistic approach to identify the critical process parameters and critical quality attributes.The electrochemical oxidation of pantoprazole, a selective proton pump inhibitor, was studied in aqueous as well as aqueous/surfactant media at a disposable pencil graphite electrode using cyclic and adsorptive stripping voltammetric techniques. The sensitivity of the stripping voltammetric measurements was significantly improved when the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was present in the neutral electrolyte solution. For analytical purposes, well resolved voltammetric peaks at +1.05 V (versus Ag/AgCl) were obtained in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 7.0 containing 3×10-4 M CTAB using square-wave stripping mode (after 30 s accumulation at open-circuit condition). The process could be used to determine pantoprazole concentrations in the range of 2.4×10-8 - 7.1×10-7 M (9.2 - 272 µg L-1) with a detection limit of 7.0×10-9 M (2.7 µg L-1). The proposed method was applied to the determination of pantoprazole in pharmaceutical formulation and in the spiked human urine samples with acceptable recoveries.The reaction of dimedone with arylaldehydes gave the benzylidene derivatives 3a-c, the latter underwent a series of heterocyclization reactions to give fused thiophene, pyrazole isoxazole and pyridazine derivatives. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against different kinds of cancer cell lines together tyrosine kinases and Pim-1 kinase inhibitions. All the synthesized compounds were assessed for the inhibitory activities against A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), H460 (human lung cancer), HT-29 (human colon cancer) and MKN-45 (human gastric cancer) cancer cell lines together with foretinib as the positive control by a MTT assay. The promising compounds were 3c, 5b, 5e, 5f, 7c, 7f, 9c, 11b, 12c, 12d, 13b, 13d, 14b, 16c and 16d among the tested compounds. On the other hand, compounds 5b, 5e, 5f, 7c, 11b, 12c, 12d, 13d, 14b, 16c and 16d were the most effective inhibitors against tyrosine kinases and compounds 5b, 11b, 12d, 13d, 14b and 16c were the most potent against Pim-1 kinase.l,3-Dithiin with two sulfurs in its structure is a six-membered, sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound. New derivatives of 6'-amino-2'-(arylidene)spiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline[1,3]dithiine]-5'-carbonitrile were prepared by the multi-component reaction of active methylene compounds, carbon disulfide, malononitrile and multi-ring compounds containing a carbonyl group in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst at room temperature with high efficiency. The antimicrobial effects including antibacterial and antifungal effects based on inhibition zone diameter (IZD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were studied.Surfactants in commercial products commonly contain catanionic mixtures thus many studies of aqueous surfactant mixtures have been carried out. However, hardly any studies have been dedicated to pure catanionic surfactants often termed salt-free catanionic surfactants. One of the difficulties is in acquirement of samples with required purity due to difficult separation of these compounds from inorganic salts. In this work we present an alternative method of synthesis using dimethyl carbonate as the alkylating agent in order to obtain alkyl trimethylammonium alkanecarboxylates with medium alkyl chain lengths (6-10).The, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polycarbonate (PC) flat substrates were treated by the DBD plasma in air for 1 s, 2 s and 3 s. The adhesion of two types of paints (water based and solvent based) was studied by the pull-off test. The other methods were utilized to gain the information about the surface of the samples. The measurement of contact angle of water and Arcotest (commercial test using set of fluids with defined surface tension) and the XPS technique were used to obtain the chemical composition of the sample surface. The pull-off test confirmed increased adhesion of both types of paints, which is related to oxygen content confirmed by XPS. The aged (60 days) samples keep their enhanced properties although some return to initial state was observed.The aim of this study is to investigate the suitability of polyaniline coated-sawdust (SD/PAni) as an adsorbent for removal of Fe(II) and/or Fe(III) ions from aqueous solutions. The study includes batch and column tests. With column experiments, the influence of different experimental parameters on the adsorption behavior of Fe(II), Fe(III), and a mixture of both ions were studied and it was found that the optimum adsorption conditions for individual iron species and a mixture of them were similar. The optimal values for pH, flow rate, temperature, and adsorbent mesh size were found to be 4.0, 5.0 mL min-1, 25 °C, and 100 BSS mesh, respectively. CDK assay Batch experiments were carried out to study the adsorption isotherms at ambient temperature. The results demonstrated that the adsorption isotherms for both iron species were best represented by the multilayer adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption-desorption stability performance of the adsorbent was evaluated and confirmed over 5 cycles.