Willadsenmcdonald8205

Psychoendocrine research on stress in healthy children and adolescents is entering its fifth decade. Forty some years ago, the questions we were asking about the role of stress hormones in human development, most notably, cortisol, were quite different, and much more humble, than the ones we are asking today. From these humble beginnings, human developmental psychoendocrine research has burgeoned, until today the search terms "cortisol and children and emotion" returns over 11,000 citations. This review will not cover the entire field of work on this system in pediatric populations. It will focus for the most part on physically healthy children. Where psychiatric disorders are discussed, it will be within the context of the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in transducing early life stress (ELS) into psychopathological outcomes. What will be covered in some detail is work on parent-child relationships as regulators of the HPA axis in childhood and adolescence, child care, peer relations, and early life stress (ELS) and its effects of stress reactivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).The Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. The 2021 recipients of the APA Scientific Contribution Awards were recognized by the 2020 Board of Scientific Affairs and selected by the 2020 Committee on Scientific Awards. For her seminal contributions to elucidating the associations between stress response systems and human behavioral development; for linking these associations to our understanding of how early caregiver experiences moderate stress physiology and facilitate coping in young children; for translating our knowledge about early biopsychosocial development to inform child care policies pertinent to children and adolescents; and for making substantive theoretical contributions to developmental science. Megan R. Gunnar has ushered new ways of thinking about stress to the field of psychology as well as provided strong and generous scientific leadership, leaving a lasting and inspiring impact on psychological science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).The Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. Dihydroethidium The 2021 recipients of the APA Scientific Contribution Awards were recognized by the 2020 Board of Scientific Affairs and selected by the 2020 Committee on Scientific Awards. For her groundbreaking contributions to affective science. Lisa Feldman Barrett's theory of constructed emotion has challenged prevailing views of emotions as basic and universal and has created much needed dialogue and innovation. In her work, she models a creative approach to doing psychology that freely ranges over the full breadth of the field, drawing insights from philosophy, biology, anthropology, linguistics, law, and beyond. Her work employs a wide variety of behavioral and brain measures, and she has been a driving force in methodological innovation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).In this value dictum, or editorial farewell, the author says it has been a great honor to serve as the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of American Psychologist (AP) for the past 6 years. The article is organized in four sections. The first looks at how the current editorial term fits within the mission and history of AP and describes significant changes enacted during this editorial era intended to further advance the scholarly impact of AP as a leading journal in the field of psychology. Second, the article is a record of the editorial metrics of the journal, noting our performance and accomplishments in terms of traditional measures of journal impact, such as number of submissions, editorial lag, and Impact Factors. This report serves as a historical record of the journal's publication activities. Third, this article provides ideas about how editorial processes and content reflected changes in psychology, publishing, the American Psychological Association (APA), and most importantly the broader social context in which we live. And, finally, the author concludes by expressing her deep appreciation to the many people who have contributed to the successes of AP throughout her editorial term. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).The objectives of this systematic review were to synthesize available information on social support and social networks among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness, examine the measurement of social support, the impact of social support on outcomes, and the impact of interventions on social support. The authors searched Academic Search Complete, PsycArticles, Pubmed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Cinahl, and ProQuest for English-language empirical articles published between 1998 and 2019. Studies were included if they sampled single and unaccompanied adults experiencing chronic homelessness and examined the impact of social support and/or social networks. The search yielded 29 studies. Results were synthesized according to research questions and patterns of findings that emerged from included studies. Wide variability in the measurement of social support was found across studies. Nearly all studies found changes in social support associated with housing interventions. A substantial evidence base indicated intervention effects on social support are largely positive. Review findings suggest individuals with substance use disorders may require additional social functioning support once housed. Indigenous people may require tailored interventions to center their cultural values and facilitate existing community strengths. Overall, the results from this review suggest social support plays a key role in the housing experiences and outcomes of individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. Future studies should include qualitative and mixed methods work as these methods revealed important insights about social support. More evidence is needed to inform the development of specific interventions targeting social support to facilitate community integration of formerly homeless individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Enhancing carrier density and increasing carrier lifetime are critical for the good performance of thin film solar cells. We apply illumination during the growth of kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) to enhance hole density and suppress defects of nonradiative electron-hole recombination centers simultaneously. To examine the effect of the injected carriers generated by illumination, we first extend the scheme of detailed balance equations relating free carriers and defects beyond thermal equilibrium conditions by developing an extended Fermi level (EF') to characterize a homogeneous semiconductor with non-equilibrium carriers. On the basis of this scheme, we find that illumination can promote the formation of carrier-providing defects and suppress the formation of carrier-compensating defects. Then, we demonstrate that applying proper illumination during the growth of CZTS will help achieve a higher hole density and simultaneously suppress the formation of the SnZn antisite significantly, which are beneficial for the performance of CZTS solar cells.Enhancing the lubrication property and bacterial resistance is extremely important for interventional biomedical implants to avoid soft tissue damage and biofilm formation. In this study, a zwitterionic phosphorylcholine coating (PMPC) was successfully developed to achieve surface functionalization of a polyurethane (PU)-based ureteral stent via subsurface "grafting from" photopolymerization. Typical surface characterizations such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface wettability and morphology analyses examined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the phosphorylcholine polymer was grafted on the substrate with a thickness of 180 nm. Additionally, the tribological experiment performed by a universal material tester showed that the lubrication performance of PU-PMPC was significantly improved compared with that of PU. The in vitro experiments indicated that the PMPC coating was biocompatible and stably modified on the surface of the substrate with an excellent bacterial resistance rate of >90%. Furthermore, the result of the in vivo experiment showed that the anti-encrustation performance of the surface-functionalized ureteral stent was better than that of the bare ureteral stent. The great enhancement in the lubrication, bacterial resistance, and anti-encrustation properties of the phosphorylcholine coating was thought to be due to the hydration effects of the zwitterionic charges. In summary, the bioinspired zwitterionic phosphorylcholine coating developed herein achieved significantly improved lubrication, bacterial resistance, and anti-encrustation performances and could be used as a convenient approach for surface functionalization of interventional biomedical implants.Rhodonoid natural products are found in nature as a scalemic mixture. This interesting phytochemical feature is presumed to originate from a reversible electrocyclic ring opening of the chromene core present in the biogenetic precursors of rhodonoids. Herein, we systematically investigated factors that are responsible for this racemization event. This eventually led us to complete the asymmetric total synthesis of rhodonoids A, C, D, and G.As a fundamental magnetic parameter, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), has gained a great deal of attention in the last two decades due to its critical role in formation of magnetic skyrmions. Recent discoveries of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets has also gained a great deal of attention due to appealing physical properties, such as gate tunability, flexibility, and miniaturization. Intensive studies have shown that isotropic DMI stabilizes ferromagnetic (FM) topological spin textures in 2D magnets or their corresponding heterostructures. However, the investigation of anisotropic DMI and antiferromagnetic (AFM) topological spin configurations remains elusive. Here, we propose and demonstrate a family of 2D magnets with P4m2 symmetry-protected anisotropic DMI. More interestingly, various topological spin configurations, including FM/AFM antiskyrmion and AFM vortex-antivortex pair, emerge in this family. These results give a general method to design anisotropic DMI and pave the way toward topological magnetism in 2D materials using crystal symmetry.Using high-level ab initio many-body theory, we theoretically propose that the Dy and the Ni atoms in the [Dy2Ni2(L)4(NO3)2(DMF)2] real molecular magnet as well as in its core, that is, the [Dy2Ni2O6] system, act as two-level qubit systems. Despite their spatial proximity we can individually control each qubit in this highly correlated real magnetic system through specially designed laser-pulse combinations. This allows us to prepare any desired two-qubit state and to build several classical and quantum logic gates, such as the two-qubit (binary) CNOT gate with three distinct laser pulses. Other quantum logic gates include the single-qubit (unary) quantum X, Y, and Z Pauli gates; the Hadamard gate (which necessitates the coherent quantum superposition of two many-body electronic states); and the SWAP gate (which plays an important role in Shor's algorithm for integer factorization). Finally, by sequentially using the achieved CNOT and Hadamard gates we are able to obtain the maximally entangled Bell states, for example, (12)(|00⟩ + |11⟩).