Wilkinsonflood0192

enia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.BACKGROUND Heart rate acceleration and deceleration capacities are novel parameters that can quantify sympathetic and vagal modulation. However, how acceleration and deceleration capacities associated with circadian blood pressure (BP) variation remains unknown. check details METHODS A total of 141 patients with essential hypertension were included in our study. Based on the nocturnal decline rate of systolic BP (SBP), patients were divided into two groups, as dippers and nondippers. Baseline demographic characteristics, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) parameters, Holter recordings, and echocardiographic parameters were collected. RESULTS The absolute values of acceleration capacity (AC) (-7.75 [-8.45 ~ -6.3] ms vs. -6.6 [-8.25 ~ -5.2] ms, p = .047) and deceleration capacity (DC) (7.35 [6.1 ~ 8.1] ms vs. 6.3 [5.1 ~ 7.6] ms, p = .042) were significantly higher in dippers than in nondippers. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, left atrial diameter (LAd) was found to be an independent risk factor for nondipper status in acceleration capacity model (odds ratio 1.174, 95% confidence interval 1.019-1.354, p = .027) and deceleration model (odds ratio 1.146, 95% confidence interval 1.003-1.309, p = .045). Sleep SBP was positively correlated to acceleration capacity (r = .256, p = .002) and negatively correlated to deceleration capacity (r = -.194, p = .021). CONCLUSIONS The absolute values of acceleration capacity and deceleration capacity were higher in patients with dipper hypertension than in patients with nondipper hypertension. However, acceleration and deceleration capacities were not independent risk factors for blunted BP variation. Sleep SBP seemed to be better correlated to the impairment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function than other ABPM parameters. © 2020 The Authors. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.With rapid global change, organisms in natural systems are exposed to a multitude of stressors that likely co-occur, with uncertain impacts. We explored individual and cumulative effects of co-occurring environmental stressors on the striking, yet poorly understood, phenomenon of facultative migration. We reared offspring of a brown trout population that naturally demonstrates facultative anadromy (sea migration), under different environmental stressor treatments and measured life history responses in terms of migratory tactics and freshwater maturation rates. Juvenile fish were exposed to reduced food availability, temperatures elevated to 1.8°C above natural conditions or both treatments in combination over 18 months of experimental tank rearing. When considered in isolation, reduced food had negative effects on the size, mass and condition of fish across the experiment. We detected variable effects of warm temperatures (negative effects on size and mass, but positive effect on lipids). When combined with fing effects of environmental stressors on life history trajectories in a facultatively migratory species. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) still lag behind those of rigid devices and their mechanical stability is unable to meet the needs of flexible electronics at present due to the lack of a high-performance flexible transparent electrode (FTE). Here, a so-called "welding" concept is proposed to design an FTE with tight binding of the upper electrode and the underlying substrate. The upper electrode consisting of solution-processed Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and silver nanowire (AgNW) network is well welded by utilizing the capillary force effect and secondary growth of AZO, leading to a reduction of the AgNWs junction site resistance. Meanwhile, the poly(ethylene terephthalate) is modified by embedding the AgNWs, which are then used to link with the AgNWs in the upper hybrid electrode, thus enhancing the adhesion of the electrode to the substrate. By this welding strategy, critical bottleneck issues relating to the FTEs in terms of optoelectronic and mechanical properties are comprehensively addressed. The single-junction flexible OSCs based on this welded FTE show a high performance, achieving a record high PCE of 15.21%. In addition, the PCEs of the flexible OSCs are less influenced by the device area and display robust bending durability even under extreme test conditions. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.We examined the effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on resting state brain activity using fMRI (rs-fMRI) in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy. Based on our previous findings, we hypothesized that GVS, which excites the vestibular nerve fibers, (a) increases functional connectivity in temporoparietal regions processing vestibular signals, and (b) alleviates abnormal visual-vestibular interaction. Rs-fMRI of 26 patients and 26 age-matched healthy control subjects was compared before and after GVS. The stimulation elicited a motion percept in all participants. Using different analyses (degree centrality, DC; fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations [fALFF] and seed-based functional connectivity, FC), group comparisons revealed smaller rs-fMRI in the right Rolandic operculum of patients. After GVS, rs-fMRI increased in the right Rolandic operculum in both groups and in the patients' cerebellar Crus 1 which was related to vestibular hypofunction. GVS elicited a fALFF increase in the visual cortex of patients that was inversely correlated with the patients' rating of perceived dizziness. After GVS, FC between parietoinsular cortex and higher visual areas increased in healthy controls but not in patients. In conclusion, short-term GVS is able to modulate rs-fMRI in healthy controls and BV patients. GVS elicits an increase of the reduced rs-fMRI in the patients' right Rolandic operculum, which may be an important contribution to restore the disturbed visual-vestibular interaction. The GVS-induced changes in the cerebellum and the visual cortex were associated with lower dizziness-related handicaps in patients, possibly reflecting beneficial neural plasticity that might subserve visual-vestibular compensation of deficient self-motion perception. © 2020 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.