Wilkinsconrad7842

Alcohol industry actors are known to be involved in scientific research. Despite concerns regarding bias, the extent of involvement and coverage of this research are unknown.

We aimed to investigate the extent and type of scientific research 1918-2019 which was supported by the alcohol industry, including alcohol companies themselves and other organizations, such as trade associations. We identified bibliographic records from the Web of Science suite of databases which have named alcohol companies or organizations in the fields relating to author affiliations and support declarations. We then ascertained trends in publications over time, type of support, funding, outlets (such as journal titles), subject areas covered (such as health) and named companies (such as Carlsberg) and organizations (such as Drinkaware).

The analysis included 13 481 unique records, 11 014 (82%) were authored or funded by alcohol companies and 2488 (18%) were authored or funded by other organizations. The majority of the recordscompanies and related organizations.

Reports of the effectiveness of e-cigarettes (ECs) for smoking cessation vary across different studies making implementation recommendations hard to attain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the current evidence regarding effectiveness of ECs for smoking cessation.

PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing nicotine ECs with non-nicotine ECs or with established smoking cessation interventions (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT] and or counseling) published between 1 January 2014 and 27 June 2020. Data from eligible studies were extracted and used for random-effects meta-analyses (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019141414).

The search yielded 13 950 publications with 12 studies being identified as eligible for systematic review (N = 8362) and 9 studies for random-effects meta-analyses (range 30-6006 participants). The proportion of smokers achieving abstinence was 1.71 (95 CI 1.02-2.84) times higher in nicotine EC users com larger study populations.

The results of this study do not allow for a conclusive argument. However, pooling current evidence points toward a potential for ECs as a smoking cessation tool. Though, given the overall quality of evidence, future studies should aim for more clarity in terms of interventions and larger study populations.The concept of an active dosimetry system for pulsed radiation dose rate measurements is presented. Real-time distinction of pulsed and non-pulsed radiation contributions is based on the time structure of a single interaction. A fast tissue equivalent plastic scintillator is exploited to minimize the pile-up effect influence on absorbed energy measurements. Being connected to a fully digital signal processing board, the detector creates an active dosimetry system with adjustable parameters. With this system, absorbed dose rate measurements were carried out in a photon field with a time structure mimicking a radiotherapeutic beam, but also in the presence of a constant radiation field. Measurements show a linear dependence of a pulsed radiation contribution on the accelerator current in the investigated range of the total dose rate up to 8 μGy h-1. While increasing the accelerator current by 1 μA, the pulsed radiation dose rate grows by (26.2 ± 0.9) nGy h-1 when considering pile-up events.

Submergence tolerance in rice is primarily attributed to the action of the SUB1 gene, but other associated traits such as leaf gas film (LGF) thickness, leaf hydrophobicity, porosity and leaf density have been known to aid submergence tolerance in rice. However, association of these traits with SUB1 quantitative trait locus (QTL) has not been demonstrated. In this study, we aim to investigate (1) whether the presence of the SUB1 QTL in the genetic background has any influence on the thickness of the LGF and (ii) whether its removal has any impact on stress perception and submergence tolerance in Sub1 and non-Sub1 rice.

We examined 12 genotypes (including both Sub1 and non-Sub1 types) for different leaf traits such as initial LGF thickness, leaf hydrophobicity, tissue porosity and leaf density in order to work out the relatioship of these traits to the SUB1 QTL in rice. Furthermore, we investigated the changes in the gene expression profile and different metabolic processes in selected genotypes in the prend reduced in planta accumulation, owing to the slowing down of ethylene-induced leaf senescence under submergence stress.

The presence of SUB1 in the genetic background positively influences surface hydrophobicity and the concomitant LGF thickness of rice. Furthermore, LGF helps in terms of providing better ethylene dissipation and reduced in planta accumulation, owing to the slowing down of ethylene-induced leaf senescence under submergence stress.

Restoring quadriceps muscle strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may prevent the posttraumatic osteoarthritis that affects over 50% of knees with ACLR. However, a fundamental gap exists in our understanding of how to maximize muscle strength through rehabilitation. Neurological deficits and muscle atrophy are 2 of the leading mechanisms of muscle weakness after ACLR. High-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and eccentric exercise (ECC) have been shown to independently target these mechanisms. If delivered in succession, NMES and then ECC may be able to significantly improve strength recovery. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of NMES combined with ECC to restore quadriceps strength and biomechanical symmetry and maintain cartilage health at 9 and 18months after ACLR.

This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center clinical trial conducted at the University of Michigan. A total of 112 participants between tent deterioration in cartilage health after ACLR, thereby potentially improving function in this patient population.

The findings from this study might identify an intervention capable of targeting the lingering quadriceps weakness after ACLR and in turn prevent deterioration in cartilage health after ACLR, thereby potentially improving function in this patient population.

Celebrity suicides have the potential to trigger suicide contagion, particularly when media reporting is detailed and imbalanced. We aimed to assess the quality of media reporting of suicide of a popular Indian entertainment celebrity against the World Health Organization (WHO) suicide reporting guidelines.

Relevant news articles that reported the actor's suicide were retrieved from online news portals of regional and English language newspapers and television channels in the immediate week following the event. Deductive content analysis of these articles was done using a pre-designed data extraction form.

A total of 573 news articles were analyzed. Several breaches of reporting were noted in relation to mentioning the word 'celebrity' in the title of report (14.7%), inclusion of the deceased's photograph (88.5%), detailed descriptions of the method (50.4%) and location of suicide (70.6%); local language newspapers were more culpable than English newspapers. Degrasyn in vivo Helpful reporting characteristics such as mentioning warning signs (4.1%), including educational information (2.7%) and suicide support line details (14.0%) were rarely practiced.

Media reporting of celebrity suicide in India is imbalanced and poorly adherent to suicide reporting recommendations. Local language news reports display more frequent and serious violations in reporting as opposed to English news articles.

Media reporting of celebrity suicide in India is imbalanced and poorly adherent to suicide reporting recommendations. Local language news reports display more frequent and serious violations in reporting as opposed to English news articles.Our access to a unique material of postmortem brains obtained from decades of data collection enabled a stereological analysis of the neuron numbers and correlation of results with individual premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) data. In our sample of 50 brains from men, we find that IQ does not correlate with the number of brain cells in the human neocortex and was only weakly correlated to brain weight. Our stereological examination extended to measures of several other parameters that might be of relevance to intelligence, including numbers of cerebral glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and the volume of key areas in the gray and white matter and of the cerebral ventricles, also showing near-zero nonsignificant correlations to IQ.

The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene family, encoding ribosomal RNA (rRNA), has long been regarded as an archetypal example illustrating the model of concerted evolution. However, controversy is arising, as rDNA in many eukaryotic species has been proved to be polymorphic. Here, a metagenomic strategy was applied to detect the intragenomic polymorphism as well as the evolutionary patterns of 26S rDNA across the genus Camellia.

Degenerate primer pairs were designed to amplify the 26S rDNA fragments from different Camellia species. The amplicons were then paired-end sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform.

An extremely high level of rDNA polymorphism existed universally in Camellia. However, functional rDNA was still the major component of the family, and was relatively conserved among different Camellia species. Sequence variations mainly came from rRNA pseudogenes and favoured regions that are rich in GC. Specifically, some rRNA pseudogenes have existed in the genome for a long time, and have even experienced several expansion events, which has greatly enriched the abundance of rDNA polymorphism.

Camellia represents a group in which rDNA is subjected to a mixture of concerted and birth-and-death evolution. Some rRNA pseudogenes may still have potential functions. Conversely, when released from selection constraint, they can evolve in the direction of decreasing GC content and structural stability through a methylation-induced process, and finally be eliminated from the genome.

Camellia represents a group in which rDNA is subjected to a mixture of concerted and birth-and-death evolution. Some rRNA pseudogenes may still have potential functions. Conversely, when released from selection constraint, they can evolve in the direction of decreasing GC content and structural stability through a methylation-induced process, and finally be eliminated from the genome.The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a proposal for frailty to be used as a rationing criterion. This commentary suggests circumstances under which that is defensible in the face of lack of capacity to treat everyone, and as an alternative to age in stratifying risk. How best to stratify risk is likely to evolve and may include information about illness severity and dynamic measures. Current research must focus on mobilizing better, COVID-19-specific prognostic information, with a goal of best discriminating which lives are most and least likely to be saved should scarcity of resources dictate that not everyone can receive critical care.

To determine the physical and mental health of very old people (aged 80+) with anaemia.

Individual level meta-analysis from five cohorts of octogenarians (n = 2,392) LiLACS NZ Māori, LiLACS NZ non-Māori, Leiden 85-plus Study, Newcastle 85+ Study, and TOOTH. Mixed models of change in functional ability, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health over time were separately fitted for each cohort. We combined individual cohort estimates of differences according to the presence of anaemia at baseline, adjusting for age at entry, sex, and time elapsed. Combined estimates are presented as differences in standard deviation units (i.e. standardised mean differences-SMDs).

The combined prevalence of anaemia was 30.2%. Throughout follow-up, participants with anaemia, on average, had worse functional ability (SMD -0.42 of a standard deviation across cohorts; CI -0.59,-0.25); worse cognitive scores (SMD -0.27; CI -0.39,-0.15); worse depression scores (SMD -0.20; CI -0.31,-0.08); and lower ratings of their own health (SMD -0.