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The aim of review was to describe and synthesise the evidence on the use of tourniquets to control haemorrhages, summarising both civilian and military use.

Trauma-related haemorrhage constitutes one of the most preventable deaths among injured patients, particularly in multi-casualty incidents and disasters. In this context, safe instruments such as tourniquets are essential to help healthcare professionals to minimise loss of life and maximise patient recovery.

An integrative review was conducted in Medline, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, and Health & Medical Collection, using published data until March 2021 and following the PRISMA guidelines.

A total of 25 articles were included. Evidence has been synthesised to understand the use of different types of tourniquets, environment of application, indication for their placement and potential complications associated with tourniquet placement.

Commercial tourniquets such as Combat Application Tourniquet or Emergency Tourniquet models are a vs review yields up-to-date guidelines in the use of tourniquets, their recommendations and their significance among professionals to manage complicated situations.Cyc2 is the key protein in the outer membrane of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans that mediates electron transfer between extracellular inorganic iron and the intracellular central metabolism. This cytochrome c is specific for iron and interacts with periplasmic proteins to complete a reversible electron transport chain. A structure of Cyc2 has not yet been characterized experimentally. Here we describe a structural model of Cyc2, and associated proteins, to highlight a plausible mechanism for the ferrous iron electron transfer chain. A comparative modeling protocol specific for trans membrane beta barrel (TMBB) proteins in acidophilic conditions (pH ~ 2) was applied to the primary sequence of Cyc2. The proposed structure has three main regimes Extracellular loops exposed to low-pH conditions, a TMBB, and an N-terminal cytochrome-like region within the periplasmic space. The Cyc2 model was further refined by identifying likely iron and heme docking sites. This represents the first computational model of Cyc2 that accounts for the membrane microenvironment and the acidity in the extracellular matrix. This approach can be used to model other TMBBs which can be critical for chemolithotrophic microbial growth.

Optimal iron management is crucial to marginal patients such as heart transplant recipients. As inflammatory mechanisms are present in transplant recipients, the definition of iron deficiency used in the general population might not be appropriate.

To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of iron deficiency in Norwegian heart transplant recipients.

We consecutively assessed iron parameters in all Norwegian heart transplant recipients at their annual follow-up. Several definitions of iron deficiency suggested in the literature were assessed ferritin <100µg/L, or ferritin 100-300µg/L combined with transferrin saturation of <20% (ID

); ferritin <100µg/L (ID

); transferrin saturation of <20% (ID

), and ferritin <30µg/L (ID

).

179 of 378 heart transplant recipients (47%) had iron deficiency defined as ID

. 152 patients (40%) had ID

, and 103 patients (27%) had ID

. 17 patients (5%) had ID

. 88 patients (23%) had a C-reactive protein (CRP) >5.0µg/L.

Iron deficiency defined as ID

, ID

or ID

is prevalent in the heart transplant population, while ID

is not. Further research is required to identify the mechanisms of iron homeostasis in heart transplant recipients and to establish a definition of iron deficiency suitable for this population.

Iron deficiency defined as IDHF , IDF100, or IDTsat is prevalent in the heart transplant population, while IDF30 is not. Further research is required to identify the mechanisms of iron homeostasis in heart transplant recipients and to establish a definition of iron deficiency suitable for this population.

Despite the prevalence of depression among women in the justice system, and its potentially significant consequences, there is a dearth of studies investigating psychological treatments for depression in this context, especially outside prison.

Our aim was to gather preliminary data on whether individual interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an acceptable and effective treatment for depression in women at an early stage in the justice system.

In this pilot study, IPT was offered to 24 depressed women following their first or second contact with the justice system. The women were assessed using a range of scales to quantify depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support. Multilevel models were used to explore interactions between change in depression and other features given the multiplicity and complexity of problems. Details on engagement and attrition were also collected.

Therapy attrition was low, despite challenging life-circumstances and depression scores followed a and without employment.Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a medication used as an anticancer drug and to suppress the immune system. However, its clinical applications are restricted because of the toxic and adverse side effects. The present study investigated the protective effect of acetovanillone (AV), a natural NADPH oxidase inhibitor, against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by CP. Rats were administered AV (100 mg/kg) for 10 days and a single injection of CP (200 mg/kg) at day 7. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and lung samples were collected for analyses. CP caused ALI manifested by the histopathological alterations. Lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity were increased, whereas GSH and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in the lung of CP-intoxicated rats. Oral administration of AV prevented CP-induced lung injury and oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant defenses. AV downregulated Keap1 and upregulated Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and SOD3 mRNA. Selleck 2',3'-cGAMP In addition, AV boosted the expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and cytoglobin. In vitro, AV showed a synergistic anticancer effect when combined with CP. In conclusion, AV protected against CP-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress and boosting Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Therefore, AV might represent a promising adjuvant to prevent lung injury in patients receiving CP.