Wileyyde4421

BACKGROUND Differentiating benign from canine malignant mammary tumors requires invasive surgical biopsy. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) may represent promising minimally invasive cancer biomarkers in people and animals. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the serum mRNA profile between dogs with and without mammary carcinoma, and to determine if any of these markers have prognostic significance. ANIMALS Ten healthy client-owned female dogs (5 intact, 5 spayed) and 10 dogs with histologically confirmed mammary carcinoma were included; 9 were client-owned, whereas 1 was a research colony dog. METHODS Retrospective study. Serum miRNA was evaluated by RNA deep-sequencing (RNAseq) and digital droplet PCR (dPCR).Expression of candidate biomarkers miR-18a, miR-19b, miR-29b, miR-34c, miR-122, miR-125a, and miR-181a was compared with clinical characteristics, including grade, metastasis, and survival. RESULTS 452 unique serum miRNAs were detected by RNAseq. Sixty-five individual miRNAs were differentially expressed (>±1.5-fold) and statistically significant between groups. Serum miR-19b (P = .003) and miR-125a (P  less then  .001) were significantly higher in the mammary carcinoma group by dPCR. Both had high accuracy based on receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (0.930 for miR-125a; 0.880 for miR-19b). Circulating miR-18a by RNAseq was significantly higher in mammary carcinoma dogs with histologic evidence of lymphatic invasion (P = 0.03). There was no significant association with any miRNA and survival or inflammatory status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Circulating miRNAs are differentially expressed in dogs with mammary carcinoma. Serum miR-19b and miR-18a represent candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.OBJECTIVE To describe a drilling technique for hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal lateral metacarpal physis and report the outcome of treated foals. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION Eleven thoroughbred foals. METHODS While horses were under general anesthesia, the lateral aspect of the distal metacarpal physis was approached through a single small incision by using a power drill. The drill bit was placed at the level of the physis under radiographic guidance. A 4.5-mm drill bit was passed several times through the lateral growth plate to remove the cartilage in a fan-like pattern. Postoperative outcomes consisted of clinical assessment and farm manager/owner satisfaction. Cosmetics and radiographic appearance of the surgical site were assessed when the horses were yearlings. RESULTS The procedure was performed in 16 limbs of 11 thoroughbred foals with a median age of 113.5 days (range, 90-129). Median age at postoperative follow-up was 422 days (range, 366 to 452). The procedure stopped the progression of a metacarpophalangeal varus deformity in all the limbs treated, determined by visual clinical evaluation and farm manager's satisfaction with subjectively excellent radiographic images and cosmetic outcomes at yearling age. CONCLUSION Physis ablation was consistently achieved in these 11 foals with developing growth deformities of the distal metacarpus. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This drilling technique may offer a minimally invasive, safe, and simple technique to manage distal limb conformation in foals without placement of implants. Additional quantitative data are required to assess its effectiveness relative to other options. © 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in an individual. The present study is designed to define the usefulness of skeletal muscle ultrasonography (US) in the definition of SO. METHODS Eighty-nine participants aged ≥65 whose body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) was ≥30 were consecutively enrolled in an outpatient clinic of geriatric medicine. All underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. US measurements were obtained in 6 different muscles consisting of core and limb muscles. We defined SO as the presence of low muscle function (defined by a handgrip strength less then 27 kg in males and less then 16 kg in females) and high BMI (≥30). RESULTS The median age of the participants was 72 (65-85) years; 81% were female, and 35% (n = 31) had SO. Anthropometric parameters that estimate muscle mass were lower in the sarcopenic group, but estimations of muscle mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) did not differ between groups. All US estimations of muscle mass were lower in sarcopenic obese participants, albeit not all significantly. RF muscle cross-sectional area (RF CSA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness were most strongly correlated with grip strength (r = 0.477 and r = -508, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the optimum cutoff point of RF CSA for SO was ≤5.22 cm2 , with 95.8% sensitivity and 46.7% specificity (area under the curve 0.686). CONCLUSIONS US evaluation of muscle mass may be more accurate than BIA-derived skeletal muscle index assessment for the diagnosis of SO. © 2020 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aims to stratify face shield needs when performing head and neck cancer surgery. METHODS Fifteen patients underwent surgery between March 1, 2020 and April 9, 2020. Operative diagnosis and procedure; droplet count and distribution on face shields were documented. RESULTS Forty-five surgical procedures were performed for neck nodal metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin (n = 3); carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2), tongue (n = 2), nasopharynx (n = 3), maxilla (n = 1), and laryngopharynx (n = 4). Droplet contamination was 57.8%, 59.5%, 8.0%, and 0% for operating, first and second assistant surgeons, and scrub nurse respectively. Droplet count was highest and most widespread during osteotomies. No droplet splash was noted for transoral robotic surgery. CONCLUSION Face shield is not a mandatory adjunctive PPE for all head and neck surgical procedures and health care providers. Judicious use helps to conserve resources during such difficult times. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.While the effects of pattern learning on language processing are well known, the way in which pattern learning shapes exploratory behavior has long gone unnoticed. We report on the way in which individual differences in statistical pattern learning affect performance in the domain of language along multiple dimensions. Analyzing data from healthy monolingual adults' performance on a serial reaction time task and a self-paced reading task, we show how individual differences in statistical pattern learning are reflected in readers' knowledge of linguistic co-occurrence patterns and in their exploration and exploitation of content-specific and task-general information. First, we investigated the extent to which an individual's pattern learning correlates with his or her sensitivity to systematic morphological and syntactic co-occurrences, as evidenced while reading authentic sentences. We found that the stream of morphological and syntactic information has a more pronounced effect on the reading speed of, as we will label them, content-sensitive learners in that the more probable the co-occurrence pattern, the faster their reading of that pattern will be. Next, we investigated how differences in pattern learning are reflected in the ways in which individuals approach the reading task itself and adapt to it. AZD1775 Casting this relation in terms of exploration/exploitation strategies, known from Reinforcement Learning, we conclude that content-sensitive learners are also more likely to initially probe (explore) a wider range of directly relevant patterns, which they can later use (exploit) to optimize their reading performance further. By affecting exploratory behavior, pattern learning influences the information that is gathered and becomes available for exploitation, thereby increasing the effect pattern learning has on language cognition. ©2020 The Authors. Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Cognitive Science Society (CSS).BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has strained human and material resources around the world. Practices in surgical oncology had to change in response to these resource limitations, triaging based on acuity, expected oncologic outcomes, availability of supportive resources, and safety of healthcare personnel. METHODS The MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium devised the following to provide guidance on triaging Head and Neck cancer (HNC) surgeries based on multidisciplinary consensus. HNC subsites considered included aerodigestive tract mucosa, sinonasal, salivary, endocrine, cutaneous, and ocular. RECOMMENDATIONS Each subsite is presented separately with disease-specific recommendations. Options for alternative treatment modalities are provided if surgical treatment needs to be deferred. CONCLUSION These guidelines are intended to help clinicians caring for HNC patients appropriately allocate resources during a healthcare crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to advocate for individual consideration of cases in a multidisciplinary fashion based on individual patient circumstances and resource availability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.N,N'-Diarylated tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulenes 3a and 3b were synthesized in good yields via a reaction sequence involving oxidation of tetrabenzodiazadithia[8]circulene 5-Oct and S N Ar reaction with aniline derivatives. link2 The obtained aza[8]circulenes 3a and 3b were easily oxidized to give their radical cations 3a + and 3b + , which are highly stable under ambient conditions. X-Ray diffraction analysis of radical cation 3a + showed a face-to-face dimer arrangement with an interplanar separation of 3.320 Å. link3 The spin density of 3a + was calculated to be delocalized over the whole circulene π-systems with spin-spin exchange integral ( J = -144 cm -1 ) in the dimeric part. These radical cations displayed far red-shifted absorption bands reaching to 2000 nm. Thus this study has proved the hetero[8]circulene scaffold to be a new entry of promising electronics and spin materials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Seabather's eruption (SBE) is an acute dermatitis caused contact due to with the scyphomedusae Linuche unguiculata, and L. aquila and, rarely, the sea anemone Edwardsiella lineata.t is manifested by erythematous and itchy papules located often in areas covered by bathing suits during or immediately after exposure to sea water. We report two cases of SBE mimicking Koebner Phenomenon (KP) as envenomations caused by the hydromedusa Olindias sambaquiensis and the scyphomedusa Chrysaora lactea, some of the most common jellyfish species in S and SE Brazil. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Siegfried R. Waldvogel at Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. The image depicts the idea that synthetic electrochemistry is green chemistry in its essence. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201905874. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.