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This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in osteoarthritic pain for one individual.

The study was an N-of-1 trial design, divided into 3 blocks of 10 weeks. Each block included one pair of randomized interventions (AB), separated by a washout period. The trial took place in a private naturopathic practice in Sydney, Australia. The participant was a 67 year old female with osteoarthritis in her lower back and right ankle. The active intervention was two daily capsules that contained Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG®), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (boulardii) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis. click here The placebo was an identical capsule that did not contain probiotics. The primary outcome was daily pain scores, measured by the participant on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcome measures included patient preference (of intervention), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis (CDSA) and rescue me intervention was small but clinically significant for this patient. A holistic view of the patient focusing on digestive integrity and function may be crucial for clinical applications of interventions such as probiotics. N-of-1 trial designs allow for the measurement of a holistic approach to an individual, which is aligned with naturopathic practice. Further trials are required to generate data to enable reliable estimation of population effects.

Previous clinical studies have shown controversial results regarding the effect of Lactobacillus supplementation on blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effect of Lactobacillus consumption on BP.

Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from five electronic databases until May 2020. In total, 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Quality of the selected studies was assessed, and a random-effects model was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD). This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with the number CRD42019139294.

Lactobacillus consumption significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by -2.74 mmHg (95% confidence interval, -4.96 to -0.51) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by -1.50 mmHg (95% confidence interval, -2.44 to -0.56) when comparing with the control group. Subgroup analysis showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, Asian individuals, or borderline hypertension participants were more sensitive to daily consumption of Lactobacillus. And the effect of Lactobacillus on BP-reduction was more significant in capsule form, with the dose was above 5 × 10

colony-forming unit (CFU)/day or lasted for more than 8 weeks.

Our present study suggests that Lactobacillus consumption in capsule form when the daily dose is above 5 × 10

CFU for more than 8 weeks can decrease SBP or DBP in T2DM patients, borderline hypertension participants or Asian individuals.

Our present study suggests that Lactobacillus consumption in capsule form when the daily dose is above 5 × 109 CFU for more than 8 weeks can decrease SBP or DBP in T2DM patients, borderline hypertension participants or Asian individuals.Despite significant research, the benefits and risks of cannabis for medical purposes remain elusive. However, there is one factor about the substance that is clear - there is a dearth of knowledge about attitudes and beliefs toward its use in Russia where the substance in any form is strictly prohibited. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of affiliation with religion on university student attitudes and beliefs toward cannabis for medical conditions. Survey data were collected from 828 medical and allied health students at two Russian universities. Findings indicate that students with a religious affiliation were significantly more likely to express negative attitudes towards medical cannabis.

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a common sexual problem of women which has negative impacts on their health and quality of life. Given the side effects of pharmacologic interventions, it would be beneficial to patients trying to find new options based on herbal medicine.

To evaluate efficacy of carrot seed on sexual dysfunction of women with HSDD compared with placebo.

In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 68 participants randomly assigned to the intervention group which took 500 mg carrot seed three times a day for 12 weeks versus placebo. Participants in two groups filled Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire at baseline, week six and 12. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for statistical analysis.

Thirty women in carrot seed group and thirty women in placebo group completed 12 weeks of the study. In general, carrot seed compared to placebo improved the total score of FSFI 7.329 ± 0.830 (p < 0.001), desire 4.1±0.7 (p < 0.001), lubrication 4.7±0.4 (p = 0.019), arousal 4.1±0.08 (p < 0.001), satisfaction 4.8±1.1 (p < 0.001), orgasm 3.9±0.9 (p < 0.001) and pain 5.4±1(p < 0.001). No adverse event was reported in this study.

Women with HSDD may benefit from six weeks' treatment with carrot seed for improvement of sexual dysfunction. Further large clinical studies are warranted to confirm efficacy of this herbal drug.

Women with HSDD may benefit from six weeks' treatment with carrot seed for improvement of sexual dysfunction. Further large clinical studies are warranted to confirm efficacy of this herbal drug.

Physicians and other health professionals like nurses, physiotherapists and midwives should be prepared to work in a patient-centred and team-based manner through appropriate interprofessional training. This includes consideration of patients' preferences for complementary treatment methods, as well as reflection of one's own professional role and that of the others. The CanMEDS Physician Competency Framework is an established instrument that describes the competencies of health professionals in seven roles. We investigated which role competencies should be addressed in an undergraduate interprofessional curriculum on Complementary and Integrative Medicine.

In a Delphi study, an interprofessional expert group evaluated the relevance of the CanMEDS role competencies (n = 49) and the respective individual competencies (n = 30) on a seven-point Likert scale. For analysis, we assigned the competencies according to the ratings, to four groups of relevance (consensus >80 %) and compared the proportions of individual competencies classified as relevant within the seven role competencies.