Wibergcrowder7893

Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) are widely used in industrial and commercial applications, leading to a widespread occurrence of these persistent and harmful contaminants in our environment. Removal of these compounds from surface and waste waters is being mandated by European and U.S. governments. Currently, there are no treatment techniques available that lower the concentrations of these compounds for large water bodies in a cost- and energy-efficient way. We hereby propose a hydrophobic, all-silica zeolite Beta material that is a highly selective and high-capacity adsorbent for PFASs, even in the presence of organic competitors. Advanced characterization data demonstrate that the adsorption process is driven by a very negative adsorption enthalpy and favorable steric factors. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.We have developed an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed formal hydroalkylation of alkynes with hydrazones, which are generated in situ from naturally abundant aldehydes, as both alkylation reagents and hydrogen donors. The hydroalkylation proceeds with high regio- and stereoselectivity to form (Z)-alkenes, which are more difficult to generate, instead of (E)-alkenes. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups, including hydroxyl, ester, ketone, nitrile, boronic ester, amine and halide. Furthermore, late-stage modifications of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives exemplify its unique chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and synthetic applicability. The mechanistic studies indicate the possible involvement of palladium-hydride intermediates. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Drug dosing for TAC and MMF after kidney transplantation remains challenging. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) offers a means to individualize drug dosing and improve outcomes. METHODS In this observational study, patients having mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure assessed by limited sampling strategy (LSS) within the first 6 months were included and followed for one year. RESULTS A total of 113 clinical events occurring in 110 patients were classified into 3 groups Group 1 Stable (n=34), Group 2 Over drug exposed (n=64) having infections or drug toxicity and Group 3 Under drug exposed (n=15) developing rejection or de-novo donor specific alloantibodies. Although TAC levels, MMF dose, MPA and MPA Glucuronide (MPAG) exposure, expressed as area under curve (AUC), individually failed to predict outcomes, a scoring model incorporating all 3 drug levels TAC TDM X (MPA AUC + MPAG/10 AUC) correctly classified outcomes. A score over 1,071 had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 (95% CI 0.56-0.83) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.69-0.89) for over exposure. A score below 625 had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.76 (95% CI 0.53-0.93) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.41-0.70) for under exposure. CONCLUSIONS This integrated model of assessing TAC and MMF exposure may facilitate individualized therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES Childhood maltreatment has been associated to an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder (BD). A role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in mediating trauma-related risk for adult psychopathology has been suggested but scarcely investigated in BD. AG 825 in vivo Therefore, we explored the impact of childhood maltreatment on clinical features of BD and on the activity of the HPA axis. METHODS One hundred and six patients participated in the study. On the basis of their history of childhood trauma, as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), they were divided into a group with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM+) and a group without (CM-). Twenty-nine participants (16 with a history of childhood trauma and 13 without) underwent the cortisol awakening response (CAR) test. RESULTS Sixty-two patients had a history of childhood maltreatment and 44 had not. Maltreatment was significantly more frequent in females than males. CM+ patients showed a significant higher body mass index, a significant higher number of suicide attempts, and more severe mania symptoms than CM- ones. Logistic regression indicated a significant association between lifetime suicide attempts and any type of childhood maltreatment and between emotional abuse and the presence of psychotic symptoms or mixed mood episodes. CM+ individuals with BD exhibited a significantly reduced CAR with respect to CM- ones. DISCUSSION Our results add to literature findings showing a worse clinical course in BD patients with a history of childhood maltreatments and show for the first time that childhood trauma exposure is associated to an impaired CAR in adults with BD. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Secukinumab demonstrated superior efficacy over ustekinumab in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis over 16 weeks in the CLARITY study and over 52 weeks in the CLEAR study. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of secukinumab vs ustekinumab over 52 weeks in CLARITY. METHODS Analysis of 52-week data from CLARITY (NCT02826603), a phase 3b study in which patients were randomized to receive secukinumab 300 mg (n = 550) or ustekinumab 45/90 mg (n = 552) per label. RESULTS At week 52, secukinumab was superior to ustekinumab in the proportion of patients who achieved ≥90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (73.2% vs 59.8%; odds ratio [OR], 1.84 [95% CI, 1.41-2.41]; P less then .0001), Investigator's Global Assessment modified 2011 responses of clear (0) or almost clear (1) skin (76.0% vs 60.2%; OR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.61-2.79]; P less then .0001), and Dermatology Life Quality Index response of no effect (0/1) (69.9% vs 61.2%; P = .0028). Proportions of patients with any adverse events were comparable between treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS This second head-to-head study confirmed the superior efficacy of secukinumab over ustekinumab in skin clearance and quality of life through 52 weeks, with safety comparable to that reported in previous trials. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02826603. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.