Whittakerwhite5624

To describe the experiences and perceptions of Mississippi maternity nurses in hospitals that gained Baby-Friendly designation, including perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative.

Descriptive qualitative study using thematic analysis of focus group data.

Maternity care services of five Baby-Friendly-designated hospitals in Mississippi.

Twenty-two maternity nurses.

We conducted 90-minute in-person focus groups in which participants described their hospitals' Baby-Friendly experiences. We analyzed focus group transcripts thematically to describe the facilitators and barriers to implementation of the Baby-Friendly initiative.

We identified five main themes The Change Required for BFHI Was Hard, Nurses Felt Empowered by Taking Leadership Roles, Patient Education Was Pivotal to Practice Implementation, Nurses Felt Challenged by Unintended Consequences, and Attitudes Changed From Negative to Positive Over the Course of Adoption.

Participants from hospitals throughout Mississippi shared similar experiences and cited common facilitators and barriers to achieving Baby-Friendly designation. Participants described the overall process of Baby-Friendly designation as challenging but worthwhile because of the resulting improvements in maternity care, nurses' knowledge, and health outcomes for women and their newborns. Nurses at other hospitals that seek to obtain designation can learn from these experiences to make their own transitions easier.

Participants from hospitals throughout Mississippi shared similar experiences and cited common facilitators and barriers to achieving Baby-Friendly designation. Participants described the overall process of Baby-Friendly designation as challenging but worthwhile because of the resulting improvements in maternity care, nurses' knowledge, and health outcomes for women and their newborns. Nurses at other hospitals that seek to obtain designation can learn from these experiences to make their own transitions easier.Genetic mutations or regulatory failures underlie cellular malfunction in many diseases, including colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, mutational defects alone fail to explain the complexity of such disorders. Epigenetic regulation-control of gene action through chemical and structural changes of chromatin-provides a platform to integrate multiple extracellular inputs and prepares the cellular genome for appropriate gene expression responses. Coregulation by polycomb repressive complex 2-mediated trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 and DNA methylation has emerged as one of the most influential epigenetic controls in colorectal cancer and many other diseases, but molecular details remain inadequate. Here we review the molecular interplay of these epigenetic features in relation to gastrointestinal development, homeostasis, and disease biology. We discuss other epigenetic mechanisms pertinent to the balance of trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 and DNA methylation and their actions in gastrointestinal cancers. We also review the current molecular understanding of chromatin control in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the subcomponents of burnout and year of training among radiology residents.

In this cross-sectional analysis, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS [MP]) was distributed to eligible United States (US) radiology residents. Primary outcomes included the MBI-HSS (MP) subcomponents emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Multivariate analysis of variance, tests of between-subjects effects, and Tukey post hoc analysis with 95% confidence interval were conducted.

A total of 770 of 2,823 residents (27.3%) responded, with 488 of 770 completing the MBI-HSS (MP). There was a statistically significant difference in subcomponent scores between cohorts based on year of training (P < .005) and a statistically significant effect between year of training and EE (P < .05) and DP (P < .005), but not PA. Third-year (R3) residents reported a higher frequency od DP (8.4) were lower and for PA (35.1) was higher for all trainees than in previous studies assessing radiology residents, which correlates with less burnout. DP was the only subcomponent that remained statistically elevated between matriculating R1 and graduating R4 residents.Akt plays a key role in the Ras/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In breast cancer, Akt translocation to the plasma membrane is enabled by the interaction of its pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) with calmodulin (CaM). At the membrane, the conformational change promoted by PIP3 releases CaM and facilitates Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation and activation. Here, using modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, we aim to figure out how CaM interacts with Akt's PHD at the atomic level. Our simulations show that CaM-PHD interaction is thermodynamically stable and involves a β-strand rather than an α-helix, in agreement with NMR data, and that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are critical. The PHD interacts with CaM lobes; however, multiple modes are possible. IP4, the polar head of PIP3, weakens the CaM-PHD interaction, implicating the release mechanism at the plasma membrane. Recently, we unraveled the mechanism of PI3Kα activation at the atomistic level and the structural basis for Ras role in the activation. Here, our atomistic structural data clarify the mechanism of how CaM interacts, delivers, and releases Akt-the next node in the Ras/PI3K pathway-at the plasma membrane.The energetics and hydrogen bonding profiles of the helix-to-coil transition were found to be an additive property and to increase linearly with chain length, respectively, in alanine-rich α-helical peptides. A model system of polyalanine repeats was used to establish this hypothesis for the energetic trends and hydrogen bonding profiles. Numerical measurements of a synthesized polypeptide Ac-Y(AEAAKA)kF-NH2 and a natural α-helical peptide a2N (1-17) provide evidence of the hypothesis's generality. find more Adaptive steered molecular dynamics was employed to investigate the mechanical unfolding of all of these alanine-rich polypeptides. We found that the helix-to-coil transition is primarily dependent on the breaking of the intramolecular backbone hydrogen bonds and independent of specific side-chain interactions and chain length. The mechanical unfolding of the α-helical peptides results in a turnover mechanism in which a 310-helical structure forms during the unfolding, remaining at a near constant population and thereby maintaining additivity in the free energy.