Whitneykatz4317

Recent household overcrowding has strongly affected households' mental health in China. The possible association of household overcrowding and depressive mood is not fully demonstrated in unique Chinese economic context.

The aim of this study was to examine the association of household overcrowding and depressive mood among Chinese adults and to evaluate whether the association varies across socio-demographic characteristics.

The relationship between household overcrowding and individual's depressive mood was examined using ordered logistic regression models. Stratified analysis was used to evaluate whether the association varies across socio-demographic characteristics.

Ordered logistic regression models showed that the odds ratio for depressive mood among residents enduring housing overcrowding, as compared with residents without household overcrowding were 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.22), after controlling for important confounders. We secondarily examined the association across subgroups. Stratified analysis revealed that household overcrowding significantly affected depressive mood for the low household income subgroups, whereas has no significant effect on depressive mood for the high household income.

CFPS does not investigate the depression of people under 16, making it impossible for us to study the impacts of housing crowding on Chinese children's depression. Secondly, we did not adjust for other potential confounders, such as lifetime history of depression or depressive mood, medication use and anxiety disorders/symptoms.

This finding indicates that household overcrowding is harmful to residents' mental health, and appropriate protective measures should be taken to reduce the adverse effects of household overcrowding on residents' mental health.

This finding indicates that household overcrowding is harmful to residents' mental health, and appropriate protective measures should be taken to reduce the adverse effects of household overcrowding on residents' mental health.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe and pervasive psychiatric condition with a lifetime prevalence of 15-25%. Numerous Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies employing scans at field strengths of 1.5T or 3T have been carried out in the last decades, providing an unprecedented insight into the neural correlates of MDD. However, in recent years, MRI technology has largely progressed and the use of scans at ultra-high field (≥ 7T) has improved the sensitivity and the resolution of MR images. In this context, with this review we aim to summarize evidence of structural and functional brain mechanisms underlying MDD obtained with ultra-high field MRI.

We conducted a search on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science of neuroimaging studies on MDD patients, which employed ultra-high field MRI. We detected six structural MRI studies, two Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies and five functional MRI (fMRI) studies.

Overall, the MRI and DTI studies showed volumetric and structural connectivity alterations in the hippocampus and, to a lesser extent, in the amygdala. In contrast, more heterogeneous results were reported by fMRI studies, which, though, described functional abnormalities in the cingulate cortex, thalamus and several other brain areas.

The small sample size and the heterogeneity in patients' samples, processing and study design limit the conclusion of the present review.

Studies employing scans at ultra-high magnetic field may provide a useful contribution to the mixed body of literature on MDD. This preliminary but promising evidence confirms the importance of performing ultra-high field MRI investigations in order to detect and better characterize subtle brain abnormalities in MDD.

Studies employing scans at ultra-high magnetic field may provide a useful contribution to the mixed body of literature on MDD. This preliminary but promising evidence confirms the importance of performing ultra-high field MRI investigations in order to detect and better characterize subtle brain abnormalities in MDD.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) antisense RNA (BDNF-AS) was identified as naturally conserved non-coding antisense RNA that suppresses the transcription of BDNF.

We measured the expression of BDNF mRNA and BDNF-AS mRNA in iPSC and NSC from bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy control subjects, and postmortem brain samples such as the corpus callosum, the Brodmann area (BA8), and BA46 from BD patients and age- and sex-matched controls.

The expression of BDNF mRNA in iPSC from BD patients (n=6) was significantly lower than that of control subjects (n=4) although the expression of BDNF mRNA in NSC from BD patients was significantly higher than that of control subjects. In contrast, there were no changes in the expression of BDNF-AS mRNA in both iPSC and NSC between two groups. The expression of BDNF mRNA in the BA46 from BD patients (n=35) was significantly lower than that of controls (n=34) although the expression of BDNF mRNA in the corpus callosum and BA8 was not different between two groups (n=15). In contrast, there were no changes in expression of BDNF-AS mRNA in the three brain regions between two groups. Interestingly, there were significant positive correlations between BDNF mRNA expression and BDNF-AS mRNA expression in the postmortem brain samples.

Sample sizes are relatively low.

Our data suggest that abnormalities in the expression of BDNF, but not BDNF-AS, play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.

Our data suggest that abnormalities in the expression of BDNF, but not BDNF-AS, play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.

Hoarding disorder (HD) affects approximately 2.5% of the general population, leads to significant distress and impairment, and is notoriously difficult to treat. The crux of developing effective treatments for HD is our ability to reliably and validly measure relevant constructs in HD to better understand its presentation and, subsequently, formulate appropriate interventions.

We identified measures specific to HD and evaluated their psychometric properties using rating criteria formulated by the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) group.

The 17 included measures were developed to assess adult and pediatric hoarding severity, functional impairment, and maladaptive processes (e.g., material scrupulosity). The Saving Inventory-Revised, the most widely used measure of HD severity showed the strongest psychometric properties. However, psychometric investigations were generally of poor quality across all measures and results indicated unsatisfactory performance of measures.

The current review excluded non-English measures and ratings inherently contain some element of subjectivity despite use of predetermined criteria and two independent reviewers.

We suggest that clinical researchers continue to develop and modify measures used to conceptualize and, ultimately, improve treatment for HD.

We suggest that clinical researchers continue to develop and modify measures used to conceptualize and, ultimately, improve treatment for HD.

Hoarding disorder (HD) is a new disorder in DSM-5. While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is seen as the gold standard approach to treatment, the literature in this field is still emerging.

The aim of the present study is to synthesize the current treatment outcome literature on CBT for HD, as well as secondary depressive symptoms, using a meta-analytic approach. Due to a lack of controlled trials only within-group effect sizes were calculated.

Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis (n=505; mean age = 56 years; mean percentage female participants = 72%). BMS-986365 Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (g=1.11; 95% CI 0.92-1.29) and from pre-treatment to follow-up (g=1.25; 95% CI 0.94-1.56) on HD symptoms. The gender distribution of the sample moderated treatment outcome, with larger effects seen in studies that included a larger proportion of female patients. Treatment modality (individual vs group), therapist training, use of home visits, trial type (efficacy vs effectiveness), number of treatment weeks, participant age, and study quality did not moderate treatment outcome. Small effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (g=0.45; 95% CI 0.28-0.61) for depressive symptoms and baseline depression severity, treatment modality, use of home visits, and assessment tool used did not moderate outcome.

The study is limited by the small number of studies available in this field.

This study demonstrates that CBT for HD is an effective treatment, however, controlled trials are needed, as are trials examining the long-term efficacy of CBT for HD.

This study demonstrates that CBT for HD is an effective treatment, however, controlled trials are needed, as are trials examining the long-term efficacy of CBT for HD.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment for depression but how it achieves its clinical effects remains unclear.

We set out to study the brain's response to ECT from a large-scale brain-network perspective. Using a voxelwise analysis, we looked at resting-state functional connectivity before and after a course of ECT at the whole-brain and the between- and within-network levels in 17 patients with a depressive episode. Using a group-independent component analysis approach, we focused on four networks known to be affected in depression the salience network (SN), the default mode network (DMN), the cognitive executive network (CEN), and a subcortical network (SCN). Our clinical measures included mood, cognition, and psychomotor symptoms.

We found ECT to have increased the connectivity of the left CEN with the left angular gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus as well as its within-network connectivity. Both the right CEN and the SCN showed increased connectivity with the precuneus and the anterior DMN with the left amygdala. Finally, improvement of psychomotor retardation was positively correlated with an increase of within-posterior DMN connectivity.

The limitations of our study include its small sample size and the lack of a control dataset to confirm our findings.

Our voxelwise data demonstrate that ECT induces a significant increase of connectivity across the whole brain and at the within-network level. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence on the association between an increase of within-posterior DMN connectivity and an improvement of psychomotor retardation, a core symptom of depression.

Our voxelwise data demonstrate that ECT induces a significant increase of connectivity across the whole brain and at the within-network level. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence on the association between an increase of within-posterior DMN connectivity and an improvement of psychomotor retardation, a core symptom of depression.

The present study aimed to investigate the association between resilience and cognitive function of middle-aged Koreans in a longitudinal setting.

We utilized the baseline and 5-year follow-up data from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center study. The final number of participants included in the analysis was 397 (108 men, 289 women, mean age 55.4 years) who had valid measurements of both baseline resilience and Mini-Mental State Estimation at follow-up. The resilient people at baseline were operationally defined as the people who had at least one negative experience in the Life Experience Survey without depression, which was defined as a Beck Depressive Inventory-Ⅱ score of 20 or above. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination in both surveys. A generalized linear model was applied after adjusting for confounders. The association between resilience and cognitive function was further analyzed using stratification by median age and education level.