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and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.Oligodendrocytes are extensively coupled to astrocytes, a phenomenon ensuring glial homeostasis and maintenance of central nervous system myelin. Molecular disruption of this communication occurs in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Less is known about the vulnerability and reconstruction of the panglial network during adult demyelination-remyelination. Here, we took advantage of lysolcithin-induced demyelination to investigate the expression dynamics of the oligodendrocyte specific connexin 47 (Cx47) and to some extent that of astrocyte Cx43, and whether this dynamic could be modulated by grafted induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-neural progeny. Our data show that disruption of Cx43-Cx47 mediated hetero-cellular gap-junction intercellular communication following demyelination is larger in size than demyelination. Loss of Cx47 expression is timely rescued during remyelination and accelerated by the grafted neural precursors. Moreover, mouse and human iPSC-derived oligodendrocytes express Cx47, which co-labels with astrocyte Cx43, indicating their integration into the panglial network. These data suggest that in rodents, full lesion repair following transplantation occurs by panglial reconstruction in addition to remyelination. Targeting panglial elements by cell therapy or pharmacological compounds may help accelerating or stabilizing re/myelination in myelin disorders.There is a lack of validated tools to measure fatigue in patients with inflammatory skin, neuropsychiatric, and medical disorders. find more The use of nonvalidated tools may compromise the quality of data. The purpose of this meta-review was to evaluate existing fatigue scales commonly used to assess fatigue in other inflammatory conditions and to identify if there are scales that have been validated in dermatologic conditions. The PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched from inception through March 10, 2020, in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Validated tools were identified and assessed according to their main measurement properties. The literature search identified 403 references, and eight studies were eligible and assessed in this review. The unidimensional fatigue scales included were the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue (FACIT-F), Brief Fatigue Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, Numerical Rating Scale - Fatigue, and Visual Analog Scale - Fatigue. The multidimensional fatigue scales found were the Checklist Individual Strength, Chalder Fatigue Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Scale, and Piper Fatigue Scale. To measure fatigue, a brief scale with the ability to detect change is needed as there is a growing interest in evaluating this dimension of treatment response. In addition, a good content validity is also needed. From this systematic review, none of the selected scales have had content validation, even though the FACIT was validated in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Validation studies in specific disorders are urgently warranted.

The association between acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) and thyroid diseases is yet to be investigated.

To evaluate the risk of developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism among patients with AKN and to characterize the patients who have AKN and thyroid comorbidities.

A population-based cohort study was conducted comparing AKN patients (n=2,677) with age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n=13,190) with regard to incident cases of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox regression analysis.

The incidence rates of hypothyroidism among patients with AKN and controls were estimated at 2.15 (95% CI, 1.49-2.99) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66-1.00) cases/1000 person-years, respectively. The crude risk of developing incident hypothyroidism was 1.85-fold greater in patients with AKN (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.24-2.78; P=0.003). The elevated risk persisted following the adjustment for putative confounders (adjusted HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.03-2.89; P=0.040). The risk of hyperthyroidism was comparable in patients with AKN and controls both in the crude (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.57-4.22) and adjusted (adjusted HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.59-6.21) analyses. Patients with coexistent AKN and thyroid diseases were significantly older at the onset of AKN, had more prominent female preponderance, and had a higher burden of comorbidity.

Patients with AKN are at an increased risk of hypothyroidism. Screening for hypothyroidism should be considered in AKN patients with a compatible clinical picture.

Patients with AKN are at an increased risk of hypothyroidism. Screening for hypothyroidism should be considered in AKN patients with a compatible clinical picture.

The role of protein-polysaccharide interactions and their mixtures has been a vital factor affecting the formation and stability of food emulsions. Okara protein (OP), which is extracted from the by-product of soybean processing, has received much attention because of its abundant sources and potential attributes with respect to food formulation. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a well-known food-grade polysaccharide additive, has been widely utilized in the protein-polysaccharide system, whereas, among the proteins, the role of OP has not yet been explored.

The present study first assessed the ζ-potential and hydrodynamic diameter of aqueous mixtures containing OP (1.0 wt%) and CMC (0-0.5 wt%), followed by the investigation of OP-CMC mixtures stabilized O/W emulsions. As CMC increased, oil droplet size, surface protein adsorption, apparent viscosity and storage modulus increased, whereas the loss tangent decreased.

CMC resulted in emulsion destabilization compared to emulsions without CMC, whereas a higher concentration of CMC promoted emulsion stability against creaming for emulsions in the presence of CMC. The results provide information with respect to OP and CMC being incorporated into food formulations and also strengthen our understanding of the related mechanism, in addition to facilitating the further utilization of OP. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

CMC resulted in emulsion destabilization compared to emulsions without CMC, whereas a higher concentration of CMC promoted emulsion stability against creaming for emulsions in the presence of CMC. The results provide information with respect to OP and CMC being incorporated into food formulations and also strengthen our understanding of the related mechanism, in addition to facilitating the further utilization of OP. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. There is much interest in using Tregs as a cell therapy to re-establish tolerance in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes, with many ongoing clinical studies testing the safety and efficacy of this approach. Manufacturing of Tregs for therapy typically involves ex vivo expansion to obtain sufficient cell numbers for infusion and comes with the risk of altering the activity of key biological processes. However, this process also offers an opportunity to tailor Treg function to maximize in vivo activity. In this review, we focus on the roles of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the generation and function of Tregs in humans. In addition to stimulating the development of Tregs, APCs activate Tregs and provide signals that induce specialized functional and homing marker expression. Cross talk between Tregs and APCs is a critical, often under-appreciated, aspect of Treg biology, with APCs mediating the key properties of infectious tolerance and bystander suppression. Understanding the biology of human Treg-APC interactions will reveal new ways to optimize Treg-based therapeutic approaches.Recent research highlights the ecological importance of individual variation in behavioural predictability. Individuals may not only differ in their average expression of a behavioural trait (their behavioural type) and in their ability to adjust behaviour to changing environmental conditions (individual plasticity), but also in their variability around their average behaviour (predictability). However, quantifying behavioural predictability in the wild has been challenging due to limitations of acquiring sufficient repeated behavioural measures. We here demonstrate how common biologging data can be used to detect individual variation in behavioural predictability in the wild and reveal the coexistence of highly predictable individuals along with unpredictable individuals within the same population. We repeatedly quantified two behaviours-daily movement distance and diurnal activity-in 62 female brown bears Ursus arctos tracked across 187 monitoring years. We calculated behavioural predictability over the shodividuals moved less and were more predictable in their behaviour. Finally, individual predictability in daily movement distance and diurnality was positively correlated, suggesting that individual predictability may be a quantitative trait in its own regard that could evolve and is underpinned by genetic variation. Unpredictable individuals may cope better with stochastic events and unpredictability may hence be an adaptive behavioural response to increased predation risk. Coexistence of predictable and unpredictable individuals may therefore ensure adaptable and resilient populations.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funds the Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates in primary care clinics by implementing evidence-based interventions (EBIs). This study examined differences in clinic characteristics and implementation efforts among clinics with differential changes in screening rates over time.

CRCCP clinic data collected by the CDC were used. The outcome was the clinic status (highest quartile [Q4] vs lowest quartile [Q1]), which was based on the absolute screening rate change between the first and second program years. Five clinic characteristic variables and 12 clinic-level CRCCP variables (eg, EBIs) were assessed in bivariable analyses, and logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of the outcome.

Each group included 78 clinics (N = 156). Clinics with a Q4 status saw a 14.9 percentage point increase in the screening rate, whereas clinics with a Q1 status experienced a 9.1 percentage point decline. Q4s were more likely than Q1s to have a CRC champion, implement 4 EBIs versus fewer EBIs, implement at least 1 new EBI, and increase the number of implemented EBIs. The adjusted odds of Q4 status were 5.3 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-14.9) if a clinic implemented an additional EBI. The adjusted odds of Q4 status increased to 7.1 (95% CI, 2.2-23.1) if a clinic implemented 2 to 4 additional EBIs.

Implementing new EBIs or enhancing existing ones improves CRC screening rates. Additionally, clinics with lower screening rates had greater rate increases and may have benefited more from the CRCCP.

Implementing new EBIs or enhancing existing ones improves CRC screening rates. Additionally, clinics with lower screening rates had greater rate increases and may have benefited more from the CRCCP.