Weissfisher1253

The case is presented here for its rarity and for its clinical significance.

Primary suprasellar central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) of the hypothalamus is a rare entity.

We report a case of a 49-year-old, healthy male presented with features of diabetes insipidus. Imaging features showed a mass in the suprasellar region involving the hypothalamus mainly tuber cinereum and infundibulum.

Preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed increased uptake in the mass. Biopsy revealed a diffuse type-B PCNSL. The present case emphasizes the importance of considering the diagnosis of hypothalamic lymphoma and the utility of FDG PET-CT in such situations.

To our knowledge, only eight cases of suprasellar hypothalamic PCNSL have been reported in the literature.

To our knowledge, only eight cases of suprasellar hypothalamic PCNSL have been reported in the literature.Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome is a devastating hereditary prion disease, presenting in 4th-5th decade with progressive ataxia and dementia. Pathogenic variants in the PRNP gene lead to aggregation of misfolded prion protein which results in neurodegeneration and death within a few years of onset. A key feature of prion disorders is conversion of normal prion protein (PrPc) into its misfolded form (PrPSc). Genetic modifiers include methionine at position 129 in prion protein and octapeptide repeats. We present an Indian kindred with c. 305C > T, p.Pro102Leu mutation in PRNP gene causing GSS in multiple members and discuss the impact of the polymorphism at position 129 on the severity of illness.The postoperative period after craniopharyngioma surgery has a high likelihood of complications and its management can be challenging. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who was operated for craniopharyngioma. In the postoperative period he developed lacunar infarct, endocrine disturbances, delayed vasospasm leading to cerebral infarction and status epilepticus. The likely cause of status epilepticus was likely delayed cerebral infarction compounded with dyselectrolytemia. We discuss the possible etiology of delayed cerebral infarction.

Neurosurgical training in India.

To establish a sustainable, functional, and relatively inexpensive neurosurgical training system.

The training system involved using a relatively inexpensive stereoscopic microscope and ophthalmological microinstruments , including two jewellers' forceps and a microscissors. Training modules were designed using commonly available materials such as gauze, latex gloves, and chicken wings.

None.

The system proved to be easy to construct, easy-to-use, and highly compact. Vismodegib in vivo This system allowed for residents to practice microsuturing and vessel anastomosis and allows the resident to be familiarized with operating under the microscope. Thereby , developing the hand-eye coordination and precise motor control required for neurosurgery as well as the art of appropriate tissue handling.

The inexpensive nature of this training system and its inherent simplicity allows for a larger portion of neurosurgical residents in India, without access to sophisticated skills labs, to practice their skills in a controlled environment, without compromising on their ward duties.

The inexpensive nature of this training system and its inherent simplicity allows for a larger portion of neurosurgical residents in India, without access to sophisticated skills labs, to practice their skills in a controlled environment, without compromising on their ward duties.Women with epilepsy (WWE) and their care providers are equally concerned about the risk of seizures and adverse effects of using antiepileptic drugs (AED) during pregnancy to the mother and the baby. The risk of death or other complications during the pregnancy period is high when WWE continue to have seizures. Antenatal exposure to valproate and several other AEDs as monotherapy and polytherapy is associated with a higher risk of Major Congenital Malformations (MCM). The risk of MCM is dose dependent for valproate and several other AEDs. Children who were exposed to AEDs in the antenatal period demonstrate impaired intelligence and language functions when examined in early childhood, and this effect endures into the second decade of life also. There is considerable difficulty in communicating the complexities of the benefits and risks of using AEDs during the preconception period and pregnancy to the women and their relatives. In this technical note, we are presenting the grid-based preconception counseling of the risk and benefits of different treatment options to facilitate shared decision making. The clinician elicits the preferences and concerns of WWE in the first column of the grid. The potential outcomes of different treatment options concerning these preferences and concerns are presented in the remaining columns of the grid so that a shared decision can be reached. This option grid provides an opportunity to the WWE to review the options holistically and make appropriate decisions.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the neurocognitive outcomes of adult quasi-moyamoya disease (quasi-MMD) patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs) to help better manage these patients.

We performed a structured battery of neurocognitive tests to analyze and compare the neurocognitive outcomes of adult quasi-MMD patients with AID in our hospital from October 2000 to September 2015.

Overall, 27.3% of the neuropsychological test comparisons indicated a significant improvement in cognition, and a significant decline was found in 6%. In 47.4% of comparisons, the observed difference did significantly change the reliable change indices (RCI) before and after anti-autoimmune treatment. We found that the number of patients showing significant improvements, and no change in cognitive outcomes did differ between quasi-MMD and MMD (31.8% vs 14.9% with p = 0.006 and 50.0% vs 66.8% with p = 0.031, respectively; Chi-squared test). The incidence of cognitive decline in quasi-MMD patients (18.2%) did not significantly differ from that in MMD patients (18.3%) (p = 0.982). After adjusting for covariates, including sex, age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, other comorbidities, and AID, multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that AID was more likely to aggravate the neurocognitive outcome of quasi-MMD patients (p = 0.042, odds ratio (OR) 6.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31-62.71).

AID was more likely to aggravate the neurocognitive outcome of quasi-MMD patients, and anti-autoimmune treatment could improve long-term neurocognitive outcomes. These findings indicated that AID seemed to be an independent risk factor for the pathological and physiological mechanisms of quasi-MMD.

AID was more likely to aggravate the neurocognitive outcome of quasi-MMD patients, and anti-autoimmune treatment could improve long-term neurocognitive outcomes. These findings indicated that AID seemed to be an independent risk factor for the pathological and physiological mechanisms of quasi-MMD.