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n be applied in future work to advance understanding of risk and resilience in response to stressful events.Metasurfaces present a potent platform to manipulate light by the spatial arrangement of sub-wavelength patterns with well-defined sizes and geometries, in thin films. Metasurfaces by definition are planar. However, it would be highly desirable to integrate metasurfaces with diverse, spatially programmed sub-wavelength features into a 3D monolith, to manipulate light within a compact 3D space. Here, a 3D photoengraving strategy is presented; that is, generation of such composite metasurfaces from a single microstructure via the irradiation of multiple interference laser beams onto different facets of the parent azopolymeric microstructure. selleck Through "photofluidization," this technique enables independent inscription and erasing of metasurfaces onto and from individual facets of 3D monoliths with arbitrary shapes and dimensions, in a high-throughput fashion (over approximately a few cm2 at a time). By engraving discrete sub-wavelength 1D surface relief gratings of different pitches on different facets of an inverse pyramidal array, a multiplexing structure-color filter is demonstrated.Most male dogs are castrated at young ages, making them easy to rear following androgen deprivation. Although the incidence of canine prostate cancer is low, several patients have resistance to androgen therapy and poor clinical prognosis. These outcomes are similar to those of end-stage human androgen-independent prostate cancer. The androgen receptor (AR) of canines has two polyglutamine (polyQ) sequences (Q × 10 and Q × 23) at its N-terminal. The length of polyQ may be a risk factor for the development of prostate cancer in dogs; however, there is no evidence to support this. Hence, we artificially created polyQ deletion mutants of canine AR and evaluated their effects on AR signalling. The deletions of Q × 10 and Q × 23 were associated with significant reductions in AR signalling intensities. The Q × 10 mutants, which increase or decrease Q sequentially, also altered AR signalling. Furthermore, the Q × 10 deletion mutant, compared with the Q × 10 control, altered the intensities of the binding of polyQ to the C-terminal of AR, which contains a ligand-binding domain; this was not observed with the Q × 9, 11, and 12 variants. The number of glutamines in the N-terminals of canine ARs may influence AR signalling intensities and contribute to the risk of prostate cancer in dogs.Trauma Informed Care is an approach to the delivery of mental health care that requires sensitivity to the prevalence and effects of trauma in the lives of people accessing services. While TIC is increasingly emphasized in mental health policy and frameworks in Australia, people working in mental health settings have reportedly struggled to translate the values and principles into their everyday practice. This qualitative study used an experience-based co-design methodology to explore the potential for implementation of Trauma Informed Care into mental health services in Australia. The experiences of consumers, carers, clinicians, and managers were gathered. This paper presents the perspectives of clinicians (n = 64) and senior managers (n = 9) from across three Local Health Districts in New South Wales in Australia. All data were analysed thematically to address the research question What is needed for Trauma Informed Mental Health Services in Australia? To be trauma-informed, managers required leadership at all levels, access to resource, relevant and accessible training, support for staff, resolution of wider systems issues, and clarification of the concept and actions of TIC. Clinicians identified that to be trauma-informed they required services to be aware of staff well-being, support different ways of working, address workplace cultures and provide increased resources. The findings have implications for any service, team or individual seeking to implement TIC within mental health settings.

The effects of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on postoperative patients at high risk for pulmonary complications(PC) are controversial. We aimed to further determine the effectiveness of HFNC in postoperative patients at high risk for PC by comparison to conventional oxygen therapy (COT).

We performed a comprehensive search that compared HFNC with COT in postoperative patients at high risk for PC. The main outcomes were length of hospital stay (hospital LOS) and respiratory complications.

Six trials with a total of 733 patients were pooled in our final studies. Except for Hospital LOS (I

=53%, χ

=8.51, P=.07) and rate of intubation or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for respiratory failure (RF) (I

=49%, χ

=1.97, P=.16) between HFNC and COT, no significant heterogeneity was found in outcome measures. Compared with COT, HFNC was associated with a lower rate of intubation or NIV for RF (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.66, P=.006) and rate of hypercapnia (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.20-0.68, P=.002). As for the Hospital LOS, ICU LOS, rate of requirement of O2 after discontinuous and hypoxemia, HFNC did not show any advantage over COT. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) for Hospital LOS showed that monitoring boundaries were finally not surpassed and required information size (RIS) was not met.

The available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that, among the postoperative patients at high risk for PC, HFNC therapy compared with the COT significantly reduces rate of incubation or NIV for RF and rate of hypercapnia, meanwhile is safely administered. Further large-scale, multicenter, randomised and controlled studies are needed to confirm our results.

The available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that, among the postoperative patients at high risk for PC, HFNC therapy compared with the COT significantly reduces rate of incubation or NIV for RF and rate of hypercapnia, meanwhile is safely administered. Further large-scale, multicenter, randomised and controlled studies are needed to confirm our results.

This scoping review aims at exploring the effectiveness of nurse-led advanced practice for patients with cancer.

This review followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Randomised controlled trials on cancer nurse-led clinics for patient outcomes, costs, service utilisation and other outcomes were included. Databases such as MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO were searched based on MeSH terms. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise results of the included studies.

Seventeen articles were included, published between 2001 and 2019. There were methodological shortcomings with a number of the studies reviewed. Five themes were identified including (1) rationale for developing nurse-led clinics, (2) mode of delivery of nurse-led clinics, (3) the content of nurse-led clinics, (4) exploring patient outcomes and (5) satisfaction with nurse-led clinics.

The results support the effectiveness of nurse-led clinics in improving self-reported responses such as distress levels, satisfaction, quality of life, depressive symptoms, concerns and vomiting among cancer patients.