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Participants complete psychological and physical examinations, biochemical hormonal verification visits, and at least three laboratory/neuroimaging scan visits. The scan visits include a 10-min SC task during blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) data acquisition and are timed to occur during the early follicular phase (low E and P), late follicular phase (high E, unopposed by P), and mid-luteal phase (high P, high E). The primary outcomes include brain responses to SCs (compared to non-SCs), subjective craving, E and P hormone levels, and behavioral responses to SCs. This study addresses a critical gap in our knowledge namely, the impact of the natural hormonal milieu on brain and behavioral responses to SCs, a powerful relapse trigger. this website Additionally, this study will provide a roadmap for human sex differences researchers who are obliged to consider the often confounding cyclic hormonal fluctuations of women.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is often accompanied by male hypogonadism and both conditions are associated with increased risk for fractures. Testosterone (T) has been shown to improve the bone health of hypogonadal men but has not been tested in patients who also have T2D in addition to low T. To date, there is no treatment that is specifically recommended for bone disease among patients with T2D. This study will evaluate the effect of T therapy on the bone health of male veterans with low T who also have T2D.

This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 166 male veterans 35-65 years old, with T2D and hypogonadism, randomized to either T gel 1.62% or placebo for 12 months. We will evaluate the effect of T therapy on the following primary outcomes1) changes in bone strength as measured by microfinite elements analysis (μFEA) using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography, 2) changes in bone turnover markers, and 3) changes in circulating osteoblast progenitors (COP) and osteoclast precursors cells.

We anticipate that T therapy will result in improvement in bone strength owing to improvement in bone remodeling through an increase in osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation in patients with hypogonadism and T2D.

We anticipate that T therapy will result in improvement in bone strength owing to improvement in bone remodeling through an increase in osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation in patients with hypogonadism and T2D.The complex interrelationship between the built environment and social problems is often described but frequently lacks the data and analytical framework to explore the potential of such a relationship in different applications. We address this gap using a machine learning (ML) approach to study whether street-level built environment visuals can be used to classify locations with high-crime and lower-crime activities. For training the ML model, spatialized expert narratives are used to label different locations. Semantic categories (e.g., road, sky, greenery, etc.) are extracted from Google Street View (GSV) images of those locations through a deep learning image segmentation algorithm. From these, local visual representatives are generated and used to train the classification model. The model is applied to two cities in the U.S. to predict the locations as being linked to high crime. Results show our model can predict high- and lower-crime areas with high accuracies (above 98% and 95% in first and second test cities, accordingly).

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated mortality are rising in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, colorectal cancer is among the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in both sexes. Although some studies provided estimations on the national burden and regional distribution, the histological characteristics, survival pattern and determinants among colorectal cancer patients are not well-documented.

This study aimed to describe the histological characteristics, to determine the patterns of survival, and identify factors that determine mortality rate among CRC patients in Ethiopia.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among CRC patients registered at cancer treatment center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, from January 2012 to December 2016. Data were extracted from a total of 161 patient medical records using a pretested abstraction form and supplemented by phone calls with the patients/caregivers. To determine colorectal cancer specific survival overtimer-specific survival. Histology type, stage of cancer and CEA level at diagnosis, and the type of treatment a patient received significantly determine mortality rate. Hence, cancer screening programs could help to detect the disease at an earlier stage and to initiate available treatments timely so as to extend the lifespan of CRC patients.

In Ethiopia, patients diagnosed with CRC showed a low rate of cancer-specific survival. Histology type, stage of cancer and CEA level at diagnosis, and the type of treatment a patient received significantly determine mortality rate. Hence, cancer screening programs could help to detect the disease at an earlier stage and to initiate available treatments timely so as to extend the lifespan of CRC patients.This study aims to evaluate some biochemical parameters and serum electrolytes in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) to evaluate a potential correlation with biometric parameters (weight and length). For this purpose, 100 cultured trout (300-700 g weight range, 25-38 cm length range) bred on a fish-farm were used for the study. Physico-chemical characteristics of water were measured on the farm. Blood samples were collected from each fish to analyze the following parameters glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), calcium (Ca2+), chlorine (Cl-), iron (Fe2+), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+) and urea. Statistical data analysis showed a significant correlation between size and glucose and cholesterol. No correlation was found between size and other parameters studied. These results represent a contribution to the study of fish size leading to better understanding some biochemical parameters and serum electrolyte profiles in cultured rainbow trout.