Walthermccartney2052

Biological and socio-cultural factors are known to impact health outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Disentangling their role requires both preclinical studies, investigating the mechanistic basis for differential outcomes, and a more diverse pool of clinical and behavioral data from affected individuals. Tailored approaches are essential to enhancing equity in TBI outcomes.Women are often neglected in health research. A recent study highlighted the high potential impact of doubling the budget of the National Institutes of Health for the study of coronary artery disease in women, making estimates for how discrete financial investments might translate to improved health and quality of life.Excellent research integrates sex, gender, and/or intersectional analysis-from the very beginning and throughout the research process. This article highlights techniques for analyzing sex, how sex and sex interact, how sex and gender interact, and the need for intersectional analysis. Designing sex, gender, and intersectional analysis into research is one crucial component contributing to world-class health and biomedicine.Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but limitations exist in poor predictability and in observable toxicity with response to treatment. Here, Smith et al. present the gut microbiome as an actionable (and potentially targetable) biomarker of response and toxicity with (CD19) CAR T-cell treatment.1.Adipose tissue is a multicellular tissue with depot-dependent functions including safe energy storage and release, immune defense, thermogenesis, and organ padding. Emont et al. zoom in on white adipose tissue at a single-cell resolution and provide an extensive resource for future insights in how to target obesity.1.New therapeutic hope is emerging for people with the rare inherited blistering skin disease recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Gurevich et al.1 have reported early-phase clinical trial data evaluating a topical herpes simplex virus 1 vector to restore missing type VII collagen in RDEB skin and heal wounds.There is increasing interest in and understanding of the role of fungi in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Li et al.1 have shown that specific strains of Candida albicans preferentially produce pro-inflammatory phenotypes that could be related to IBD.

Benefits of bilateral cochlear implants (CI) may be compromised by delays to implantation of either ear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sequential bilateral CI use in children who received their first CI at young ages, using a clinical set-up.

One-channel cortical auditory evoked potentials and speech perception in quiet and noise were evoked at repeated times (0, 3, 6, 12 months of bilateral CI use) by unilateral and bilateral stimulation in 28 children with early-onset deafness. These children were unilaterally implanted before 3.69 years of age (mean ± SD of 1.98 ± 0.73 years) and received a second CI after 5.13 ± 2.37 years of unilateral CI use. Comparisons between unilaterally evoked responses were used to measure asymmetric function between the ears and comparisons between bilateral responses and each unilateral response were used to measure the bilateral benefit.

Chronic bilateral CI promoted changes in cortical auditory responses and speech perception performance; however, large asymmetries were present between the two unilateral responses despite ongoing bilateral CI use. Persistent cortical differences between the two sides at 1 year of bilateral stimulation were predicted by increasing age at the first surgery and inter-implant delay. Larger asymmetries in speech perception occurred with longer inter-implant delays. Bilateral responses were more similar to the unilateral responses from the first rather than the second CI.

These findings are consistent with the development of the aural preference syndrome and reinforce the importance of providing bilateral CIs simultaneously or sequentially with very short delays.

These findings are consistent with the development of the aural preference syndrome and reinforce the importance of providing bilateral CIs simultaneously or sequentially with very short delays.

Inference-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (I-CBT) is a specialized psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without deliberate and prolonged exposure and response prevention (ERP) that focuses on strengthening reality-based reasoning and correcting the dysfunctional reasoning giving rise to erroneous obsessional doubts and ideas.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of I-CBT through a comparison with appraisal-based cognitive behavioral therapy (A-CBT) and an adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention.

This was a two-site, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing I-CBT with A-CBT. The MBSR intervention acted as a non-specific active control condition. Following formal evaluation, 111 participants diagnosed with OCD were randomly assigned. The principal outcome measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

All treatments significantly reduced general OCD severity and specific symptom dimensions without a significant dimension, its potentially higher level of acceptability, and effectiveness for overvalued ideation. Future research is needed to assess whether additional alternative treatments options can help to increase the number of people successfully treated.All-inorganic lead-free perovskite CsSnBr3, has been proved good stability and optoelectronic properties in theory and experiment. However, the interfacial electronic properties of metal/CsSnBr3are still unclear in electronic devices. Herein, we systematically investigate the interfacial properties of metal electrodes (Al, Ag and Au) and CsSnBr3with different atomic terminals (SnBr2-T and CsBr-T) through the first-principles calculation. SnBr2-T and CsBr-T have various contact types and Schottky barriers due to their different interaction strengths with metals. In particular, the moderate interlayer coupling strength with Al leads to the ultra-low Schottky barrier and tunneling barrier, which makes Al possess the best contact performance among the studied metals. Furthermore, the external electric field can be effective in regulating the Schottky barrier and realizing the Ohmic contact. These findings provide useful guidance for the design of perovskite-based nanoelectronic devices with high performance.Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare CD30 positive T cell lymphoma whose incidence has recently increased. Until 2020, 733 cases of BIA-ALCL and 36 deaths have been reported around the world, with only one confirmed case in Portugal. The authors describe two clinical cases of BIA-ALCL after breast cancer reconstruction using macrotextured implants. Case 1 A 45-year-old patient, who presented with a typical late-onset seroma five years after breast reconstruction and underwent capsulectomy, confirming localized disease to the capsule. Case 2 A 43-year-old patient presented with an atypical presentation of pleural effusion and tumor mass, 14 years after reconstruction. She underwent implant removal and chemotherapy, due to metastatic disease. selleck chemical These clinical cases illustrate two very distinct clinical presentations of BIA-ALCL. Early diagnosis of this entity allows for effective treatment of the disease, which should be approached in a multidisciplinary setting.In this issue of Cell Reports Medicine, Martinek et al.1 provide a window into the regional specialization of macrophages infiltrating metastatic melanoma. Combining histo-cytometry and transcriptomics, they identify a signature of stromal macrophages with dendritic cell features and clinical relevance.A major cause of infertility in women is impaired ovulation or oogenesis. In this issue of Cell Reports Medicine, Kanatsu-Shinohara et al.1 demonstrate the potential of gene delivery with adeno-associated virus that can cross the blood-follicle barrier and restore oogenesis in congenitally infertile mice.Derosa et al.1 demonstrated that intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila predicts vigorous response to immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Baseline level of this microbe has better value than PD-L1 expression and represents a unique approach for stratifying patients that can benefit from immunotherapy.The voices of medical students are underrepresented in the long-running debate over the role of the humanities in medical education. This commentary describes the experience of a student at the University of Southern California, who believes the humanities are often neglected but could make students into better doctors.A study by Kass et al.1 aims to understand the size distribution of amyloid β oligomers in postmortem brain tissues from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD mouse models. Moreover, they show a dose-dependent oligomer elimination by the RD2 compound.Modulation of immune function at the tumor site could improve patient outcomes. Here, we analyze patient samples of metastatic melanoma, a tumor responsive to T cell-based therapies, and find that tumor-infiltrating T cells are primarily juxtaposed to CD14+ monocytes/macrophages rather than melanoma cells. Using immunofluorescence-guided laser capture microdissection, we analyze transcriptomes of CD3+ T cells, CD14 + monocytes/macrophages, and melanoma cells in non-dissociated tissue. Stromal CD14+ cells display a specific transcriptional signature distinct from CD14+ cells within tumor nests. This signature contains LY75, a gene linked with antigen capture and regulation of tolerance and immunity in dendritic cells (DCs). When applied to TCGA cohorts, this gene set can distinguish patients with significantly prolonged survival in metastatic cutaneous melanoma and other cancers. Thus, the stromal CD14+ cell signature represents a candidate biomarker and suggests that reprogramming of stromal macrophages to acquire DC function may offer a therapeutic opportunity for metastatic cancers.Metastatic disease in the brain is difficult to control and predicts poor prognosis. Here, we analyze human brain metastases and demonstrate their robust infiltration by CD8+ T cell subsets with distinct antigen specificities, phenotypic states, and spatial localization within the tumor microenvironment. Brain metastases are densely infiltrated by T cells; the majority of infiltrating CD8+ T cells express PD-1. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows significant clonal overlap between proliferating and exhausted CD8+ T cells, but these subsets have minimal clonal overlap with circulating and other tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, including bystander CD8+ T cells specific for microbial antigens. Using spatial transcriptomics and spatial T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we show these clonally unrelated, phenotypically distinct CD8+ T cell populations occupy discrete niches within the brain metastasis tumor microenvironment. Together, our work identifies signaling pathways within CD8+ T cells and in their surrounding environment that may be targeted for immunotherapy of brain metastases.