Wallsconnolly1930

The author challenges readers to question their practices and work to positively contribute to the science and practice of nursing education. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Foreign body ingestion is common in the pediatric population. We report a case of ingestion of sunflower seeds that migrated in the left neck through a pyriform sinus fistula, ultrasound plays an important role in preoperative diagnosis and is a useful tool for diagnosing both pyriform sinus fistulas and radiolucent foreign bodies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Familial clustering of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) was investigated systematically (Aukes et al., Genet Med 2012, 14, 338-341) and any two or even three of these disorders could co-exist in some families. Furthermore, evidence from symptomatology and psychopharmacology also imply the existence of intrinsic connections between these three major psychiatric disorders. A total of 71,445 SNPs on chromosome 1 were genotyped on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type-I), 177 MDD cases and 1000 controls and further validated in 986 SCZ patients in the population of Shandong province of China. Outstanding psychosis genes are systematically revealed( ATP1A4, ELTD1, FAM5C, HHAT, KIF26B, LMX1A, NEGR1, NFIA, NR5A2, NTNG1, PAPPA2, PDE4B, PEX14, RYR2, SYT6, TGFBR3, TTLL7 and USH2A). Unexpectedly, flanking genes for up to 97.09% of the associated SNPs were also replicated in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients. From the perspective of etiological rather than clinical psychiatry, bipolar and major depressive disorder could be subtypes of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, the varied clinical feature and prognosis might be the result of interaction of genetics and epigenetics, for example, irreversible or reversible shut down, and over or insufficient expression of certain genes. Also, similar evidence has emerged from other chromosomes such as chr3, chr4, chr5, chr6, chr7 and chr8 (J Comp Neurol 2018; 526(1)59-79; J Comp Neurol 2019; 527(2) 392-405. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9(5)2473-91; Curr Mol Med 2016; 16(9)840-54; Behav Brain Res 2015; 293241-51; Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54(8)5868-82). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.To what extent do modifications in the nervous system and peripheral effectors contribute to novel behaviors? Using a combination of morphometric analysis, neuroanatomical tract tracing and intracellular neuronal recording, we address this question in a sound producing and a weakly electric species of synodontid catfish, Synodontis grandiops and S. nigriventris, respectively. The same peripheral mechanism, a bilateral pair of protractor muscles associated with vertebral processes (elastic spring mechanism), is involved in both signaling systems. Although there were dramatic species differences in several morphometric measures, electromyograms provided strong evidence that simultaneous activation of paired protractor muscles accounts for individual sound and electric discharge pulses. While the general architecture of the neural network and the intrinsic properties of the motoneuron population driving each target were largely similar, differences could contribute to species-specific patterns in electromyograms and the associated pulse repetition rate of sounds and electric discharges. Together, the results suggest that adaptive changes in both peripheral and central characters underlie the transition from an ancestral sound to a derived electric discharge producing system, and thus the evolution of a novel communication channel among synodontid catfish. Similarities with characters in other sonic and weakly electric teleost fish provide a striking example of convergent evolution in functional adaptations underlying the evolution of the two signaling systems among distantly related taxa. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Recently conducted randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that late commencement of parenteral nutrition (PN) may have clinical benefits in critically ill adults and children. However, there is currently limited evidence regarding the optimal timing of commencement of PN in critically ill term and late preterm infants. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and safety of early versus late PN in critically ill term and late preterm infants. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (5 April 2019), MEDLINE Ovid (1966 to 5 April 2019), Embase Ovid (1980 to 5 April 2019), EMCare (1995 to 5 April 2019) and MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 5 April 2019). We searched for ongoing or recently completed clinical trials, and also searched the grey literature and reference lists of relevant publications. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs comparing early versus late initiation of PN in term and late preterm infants. We de wide confidence intervals) and high risk of bias in the included studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Whilst late commencement of PN in term and late preterm infants may have some benefits, the quality of the evidence was low and hence our confidence in the results is limited. Adequately powered RCTs, which evaluate short-term as well as long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, are needed. EHop-016 Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.In 1882, the Italian embryologist Giuseppe Bellonci introduced a nomenclature for structures in the stomatopod crustacean Squilla mantis that he claimed correspond to insect mushroom bodies, today recognized as cardinal centers that in insects mediate associative memory. The use of Bellonci's terminology has, through a series of misunderstandings and entrenched opinions, led to contesting views regarding whether centers in crustacean and insect brains that occupy corresponding locations and receive comparable multisensory inputs are homologous or homoplasic. The following describes the fate of terms used to denote sensory association neuropils in crustacean species and relates how those terms were deployed in the 1920s and 30s by the Swedish neuroanatomist Bertil Hanström to claim homology in insects and crustaceans. Yet the same terminology has been repurposed by subsequent researchers to promote the very opposite view that mushroom bodies are a derived trait of hexapods and that equivalent centers in crustaceans evolved independently.