Wallcheng3979

The population genetics study is crucial as it helps in understanding the epidemiological aspects of dengue and help improving a vector control measures. This research aims to investigate the population genetics structure of two common species of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang; Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. Molecular investigations were derived from 440 bp and 418 bp mtDNA COI on 125 and 334 larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus respectively, from 32 locations in Penang. All samples were employed in the BLASTn for species identification. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis were conducted in DnaSP version 5.10.1. AMOVA analysis was conducted in ARLEQUIN version 3.5 and the phylogenetic reconstructions based on maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods were implemented in MEGA X. The relationships among haplotypes were further tested by creating a minimum spannimum likelihood tree showed no obvious pattern of population genetic structure for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Penang and a moderate to high bootstrap values has supported this conclusion. The minimum spanning network for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus showed five and three dominant haplotypes respectively, which indicates a mixture of haplotypes from the regions analysed. This study revealed that there is no population genetic structure exhibited by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Penang. Mutation has occurred rapidly in both species and this will be challenging in controlling the populations. However, further analysis needed to confirm this statement. © 2020 The Authors.Background Choice of sweetening options can influence glyceamic control among patients with diabetes. This study aims to investigate the preference of added sweeteners for Saudi patients with diabetes, factors associated with the choice of sweeteners and the attitude of the patients towards the use of artificial sweeteners. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and targeting Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data was collected via personal interviews accessing medical records of interviewed patients. Patients were asked about consumption of sweeteners and types of consumed soft drinks on daily basis. Bi-variate analysis of the associations between choice of sweeteners and patients characteristics was performed and followed by binary logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders such as age, gender, and education level. Results A total of 302 Saudi diabetic patients were recruited in this investigation. Among this stional advice among diabetes patients attending similar clinical settings in Saudi Arabia. © 2020 The Author(s).Bee glue (Propolis, PR), mixture of beeswax and resin is collected from honeybee (Apis mellifera) of different plant parts. The antimicrobial potential of PR against food borne yeast was reported. The experiment was designed to examine the way of antimicrobial impact of PR on food borne yeasts (Cryptococcus laurentii and Candida famata) and its usage use as biological strategy for the preservation of soft foods against microbial spoilage. The study also highlights, the ability of ethanol and water- PR extracts, discouraged growth of tested yeast. Antifungal properties were also determined using electron microscope while biochemical analysis was determined using free and proteinic amino acid technique and oxidative enzymes were determined using HPLC analysis. Antioxidant enzymes were determined using ELISA assay. The highest effect was recorded on C. laurentii however, the lowest effect shows on C. famata. The electron microscopic studies clearly disclosed the effect of water PR distillate on the external shape and internal organs of some tested yeast e.g. C. DTNB price laurentii and C. famata. The result indicated some differences on concentrations of bio-chemical analyses for these tested yeasts treated with 70% water- PR extracts of different food materials. Moreover, biochemical analysis results also reported that the treated yeast indicated natural preservative to food products and considered as best alternative to the (chemical) preservatives currently employed. © 2020 The Authors.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome distinguished with glucose increasing in blood, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. It results in decease of millions of people yearly. Duvalia corderoyi is a traditional diabetes and hypertension medicine from the Arabian region. D. corderoyi extract was administered to diabetes rats for estimate its anti-diabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in Wistar rats were induced using (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. The rats were randomly divided into five groups control, diabetic, diabetic receiving glibenclamide, and two diabetic D. corderoyi-treatment groups. Rats were weighted weekly, and the biochemical analysis were carried out in serum, and liver homogenate samples. Body weight of diabetic rats was lessening significantly D. corderoyi improved body weight, glucose concentration, lipid profiles, hepatic enzymes, urea, creatinine, insulin, and HDL-C. These results are the first to indicate the potential antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of D. corderoyi. © 2020 The Authors.The current research aims to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of Pleurotus pulmonarius, an edible basidiomycetes mushroom fungi in diabetic induced wistar albino rats. Mycelial Hot Water Extracts (HWE) and Acetone Extracts (AE) of Pleurotus pulmonarius was orally administrated to STZ-NA induced (55 mg/kilogram body weight) diabetic wistar albino rats at a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The outcomes revealed that the HWE of Pleurotus pulmonarius resulted in a significant (p  less then  0.001) reduction in blood glucose level. A noteworthy (p  less then  0.001) reduction in serum lipid profile and elevation in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) after administration with HWE, also demonstrating the protective effects of HWE in diabetes-related complications. Besides all antidiabetic parameters, pathological morphology of the pancreas, liver and kidney are regularised. This observation indicated that HWE of Pleurotus pulmonarius possessed higher antidiabetic activity than AE. Besides, HWE also promoted a significant control of alpha amylase enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum activity of 99.