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The rates of decreased ASMI, grip strength, and gait speed in the sarcopenia patients increased over the 4-year period. Following multivariate analysis, age was identified as the main risk factor for all the observed decrease, gender was specifically related to the loss of ASMI, stroke was a risk factor for gait speed and sarcopenia. A high BMI was a risk factor for a low gait speed but was protective for a loss of skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Age leads to a decline in muscle strength and function. In elderly Chinese patients with sarcopenia, the rates of reduced grip strength, gait-speed and sarcopenia increased. A high BMI was protective against the decline in muscle mass and sarcopenia, but represented a risk factor for low gait speed. Stoke was identified to cause a loss of gait speed in sarcopenia patients.OBJECTIVES Swallowing function is critical for continuing oral feeding to prevent frailty in older adults. JAK inhibitor review In this study, we investigated the impact of tongue pressure and pulmonary function on the nutritional status of older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kitakyushu, Japan from August 2017 to November 2018. Fifty-two residents aged >65 years of age from three nursing care insurance facilities in Kitakyushu City, Japan were recruited. MEASUREMENTS Oral health status, swallowing function, nutritional status using a mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF), cognitive function, activities of daily living, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) for pulmonary function, and tongue pressure were assessed. The associations between nutritional status and the above factors were analysed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Participants were divided into two groups well-nourished group (MNA-SF ≤12) and undernutrition group (MNA-SF less then 12). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the correlations of PEFR [odds ratio (OR) = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23-0.89 p=0.033) and tongue pressure (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99, p=0.029) remained significant even after adjustment with possible confounders. CONCLUSION Maximum tongue pressure and PEFR in older adults were significantly associated with their nutritional status. These findings suggest that maintaining oral and pulmonary function may be a preventive factor against a decrease in the nutritional status of older frail adults.INTRODUCTION The prevalence of frailty defined by FRAIL-NH varies among different studies in nursing homes, ranging from 19.0% to 75.6%. This study investigated the prevalence of frailty in a nursing home in Taiwan using different diagnostic criteria for frailty. METHODS The 7-item FRAIL-NH scale was used for assessing frailty. There are 7 components fatigue, resistance, mobility, incontinence or disease, weight loss, eating style and assistance with dressing. Each item is worth 0, 1, or 2 points for a total score of 14 points. We sorted and summarized the patients, according to the number of variables, into the not frail, frail, and most frail groups. Descriptive analysis was applied to understand the basic attributes of the elderly with different degrees of frailty, the influencing factors of frailty, and the occurrence of frailty. RESULTS Our final sample included 34 residents. They were aged between 56 and 100 years (mean age 83.91 ± 10.84), and 18 (52.94%) were female. The frail group revealed a higher prevalence of males than of females. The marital status composition of participants was as follows 2 (5.88%) unmarried, 24 (70.59%) married, and 8 (23.53%) widowed. The mean FRAIL-NH score was 5.79±3.72. CONCLUSIONS A significant prevalence of frailty defined by FRAIL-NH was observed in a nursing home in Taiwan. Our findings indicate that frailty is an important issue in nursing homes. Further prospective cohort studies using FRAIL-NH evaluation are warranted.OBJECTIVES To assess the association between malnutrition and physical frailty among nursing home older adults in China. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study in 15 nursing homes in Changsha, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 705 nursing home residents who were aged 60 and older. JAK inhibitor review MEASUREMENTS Physical frailty was identified based on the following five components slow gait speed, low physical activity, weight loss, exhaustion, and low grip strength. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between nutritional status and physical frailty. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the participants was 82.5 (8.1) years old (range, 60-106 years), and 226 (32%) was men. Of those participants, 5.1% and 55.6% were malnourished and at risk of malnutrition, respectively; 60.3% and 36.2% were identified as being frail and prefrail, respectively. Compared with participants who were well-nourished, those who were at risk of malnutrition or malnourished were two times more likely to be physically frail (adjusted odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 7.00), after adjustment for age, education level, cognitive status, depressive symptoms, and disability in activities of daily living. No significant association was observed between malnutrition and physical prefrailty. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that poor nutritional status and physical frailty are highly prevalent in nursing home older adults in China, and that poor nutritional status is associated with increased odds of physical frailty.OBJECTIVES Association between cognitive frailty as identified by a new operational definition and incident disability in the community setting remains unclear. This will be the catalyst for preventive interventions designed to treat adverse health problems among elderlies. DESIGN A 24-month follow-up longitudinal study on a community-based cohort. SETTING Community-setting. PARTICIPANTS Participants included a total of 9,936 older adults aged 65 years or older. MEASUREMENTS Frailty was characterized as slow walking speed or/and muscle weakness represented by grip strength. Cognitive function was assessed according to several tests. Cognitive impairment was defined below the age-education reference threshold. Participants were categorized into the four groups robust, cognitive impairment alone, frailty alone, and cognitive frailty (both frail and cognitive impairment). Incident disability data was extracted from the Japanese Long-Term Care system. RESULTS The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 11.2%. The cumulative incidence rates of incident disability in each group were also estimated (robust, 9.