Walkersteffensen4334

NF is a serious, unusual pathology, frequently associated with neonatology and post-surgical patients, with a mixed etiology that requires the association of antimicrobials and early surgery. Its lethality is high in our setting, over previously published series.Knowledge about pathogenic agents present in wild birds is pivotal to properly prevent transmission events that might threaten public and animal health. This systematic review organizes all information available about viral and bacterial pathogens of Chilean wild birds, determines which pathogens and avian orders have received attention from the local scientific community, evaluates changes in the frequency of article publication, and identifies gaps in knowledge regarding these pathogens. A total of 35 peer-reviewed publications have been published from January 1941 through April 2019. Viral agents were evaluated in 11 studies, while 24 involved bacteria. Article publication has been mostly discontinuous in years prior to 2006. Salmonella spp. and avian influenza have been the most studied pathogens with 10 and 8 studies, respectively. Los Ríos and Valparaíso regions concentrate the highest number of studies and no research has been carried out in O'Higgins, Maule, and Aysén regions. Overall, information about pathogens in wild birds is scarce, highlighting the need for increased effort to identify pathogens being carried by avian reservoirs and evaluate the potential threat that they might pose for wildlife conservation, animal production, and the public health system in Chile.In Chile, vaccines were produced from the late 19th century to the early 21st century without interruption. The production was carried out in State institutes, from where the health service was supplied for the vaccination programs. In addition to manufacturing, packaging and distributing vaccines, the State institutes, in particular the Instituto Bacteriológico (IB), exported vaccines to Latin America and carried out research and development, standing out in this area with the Fuenzalida-Palacios vaccine for the control of human and canine rabies. The present study provides a list of vaccines produced in Chile at State institutes between the end of the 19th century and 2005, and a discussion on the visions of the State role that justified the actions regarding the production of vaccines in Chile. The developmental State of the mid-twentieth century gave way to the neoliberal State that was institutionalized with the 1980 constitution, which defines the subsidiary role of the State that has guided the discussion on local vaccine production in the last decades.

Chagas disease in Chile has increased in research, especially in pregnant women and donors in general, but remains neglected in Latin America. The environmental epidemiology of the vector points out the Coquimbo region is a greatest risk area.

To analyze the time series of mortality and incidence rate Chagas disease national; regional and communal according to age.

Population-based study, time series of mortality (1997 to 2017) and incidence rate (2011 to 2017), country, region and 15 communes. Use of gross and adjusted rates, calculating ch2, T test, ANOVA, p value < 0.05.

Mortality; 49.37% (668) of the National deaths (1353) were Coquimbo region's residents, mainly male patients and over 60 years old people with cardiac and digestive complications, residents from Salamanca, Combarbalá and Illapel. Incidence Of 6.173 accumulated cases, 6% are under 20 years old, higher incidence of women (61.4%) with an average age of 50 years old versus 56 years old men (T test = 29.19 p-value = 0.000), residents from Ovalle, Andacollo, Monte Patria and Illapel.

Half of Chagas' disease deaths reside in the Coquimbo region, new cases, under 20 years old, are 6%.

Half of Chagas' disease deaths reside in the Coquimbo region, new cases, under 20 years old, are 6%.

Salmonellosis is a universal zoonosis, causing frequent outbreaks of foodborne illness; Salmonella enterica is the species with the highest prevalence, a progressive increase in its resistance to antimicrobials is described.

To determine the frequency of serovars and antimicrobial resistance patterns in S. enterica isolates submitted to the National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru.

This is a cross-sectional study. All strains referred as part of national laboratory-based surveillance between 2012 and 2015 were included in the study. Strains were confirmed by conventional tests and serotyped by the Kauffmann-White scheme; antimicrobial susceptibility and confirmation of the BLEE phenotype was performed according to the method of Kirby-Bauer and Jarlier's method.

A total of 540 strains of S. enterica were included in the study, where 96% (520/540) corresponded to human strains and 4% (20/540) to non-human strains (birds, food and environmental). In human samples, the most frequent serovar was S. Infantisamples received by the National Institute of Health.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a relevant infectious agent affecting patients within health care setting; this situation is worsening with the appearance of strains resistance to carbapenems.

To study carbapenemase production in P. PT-100 datasheet aeruginosa with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems processed in the microbiology laboratory of the Health Network UC-CHRISTUS in 2014-2015 and compare them with the strains studied in 2004-2005.

Between January 2014 and June 2015, 459 strains of P. aeruginosa from clinical samples were isolated. Susceptibility was determined by dilution in agar and strains with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were tested for carbaNP. Positive strains were studied by PCR for blaVIM, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-2, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA and blaIMI genes. Pulsed field electrophoresis was performed on selected strains.

From 459 strains studied, 300 had reduced susceptibility to carbapenems (65.3%). Of these, 183 were viable for study, corresponding to 164 patients. The carbaNP test was positive in 44 strains of the 183 strains (24%). The resistance genes found were blaVIM-2 in 35 strains, blaKPC-2+VIM-2 in 7 strains and blaKPC-2 in 2 strains. In the blaKPC-2 strains clonal relation between them was found.

A 65.3% of P. aeruginosa presented decreased susceptibility to carbapenems being the presence of carbapenemases not the main resistance mechanism. In addition, the emergence in Chile of P. aeruginosa strains with bla of the KPC-2 type alone or in combination with VIM-2 is described.

A 65.3% of P. aeruginosa presented decreased susceptibility to carbapenems being the presence of carbapenemases not the main resistance mechanism. In addition, the emergence in Chile of P. aeruginosa strains with bla of the KPC-2 type alone or in combination with VIM-2 is described.