Voigtbrandt0844

The application of Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles in anaerobic digestion was firstly used to evaluate the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen inhibition in anaerobic digestion. We have successfully prepared Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles, which has a high adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen in anaerobic digestion is 71.09 mg/g. The high concentration anaerobic digestion of rural organic household waste was not successful because of the serious inhibition of ammonia nitrogen. After adding Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles, the methane production of each group increased greatly, up to 302.22 ml/gVS. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in anaerobic digestion decreased to 1700.77 mg/l. Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles have a good application prospect in high concentration anaerobic digestion of rural organic household waste enriched with a high concentration of ammonia nitrogen.The role of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) on enhancement of methanogenesis has been studied. This mini-review updated the current researches on the potential role of DIET on enhanced performance for anaerobic digestion of organic substrates with effective strategies implemented. Since most experimental observations correlated with the DIET mechanism are yet to be consolidated, this article categorized and discussed the current experimental observations supporting DIET mechanism for methanogenesis, mainly based on those with supplement of carbon materials, from which the prospects and challenges for further studies to confirm the role of DIET in anaerobic digestion processes were highlighted.The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process that converts wet/dry biomass to hydrochars (for use as solid fuels or adsorbents) needs to be optimized. We investigated the interactive effects of feedstock type and HTC temperature on chemical, fuel, and surface properties of hydrochars produced from lignocellulosic (canola straw, sawdust and wheat straw) and non-lignocellulosic feedstocks (manure pellet) at 180, 240 and 300 °C. Increased HTC temperature decreased hydrochar yield and surface functional group abundance, but increased hydrochar thermal stability due to increased devolatilization and carbonization. Hydrochar surface area ranged from 1.76 to 30.59 m2g-1, much lower than those of commercially available activated carbon. Lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic feedstocks were distinctly affected by HTC temperature due to variable carbonization from ashing. Hydrochars produced from lignocellulosic biomass at 240 and 300 °C resembled high-volatile bituminous coal. Hydrochars should be designed for specific applications such as fuels by selecting specific feedstock types and carbonization conditions.Genetic manipulation of the Porphyridium sp. may increase the production of phycoerythrin. Ba 33112 Since phycobiliproteins capture and transfer energy to both photosystems (PS I and PS II), it was hypothesized that the gene mutation involved increases phycoerythrin synthesis. The gene encoding chlorophyll synthase (CHS1) was selected as chlorophyll synthase plays an important role in photosynthesis, mediating the final process of chlorophyll synthesis. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 ribonucleoprotein (CRISPR/Cas9 RNP) delivery system was used to generate the chlorophyll synthase loss-of-function mutants (Δchs1). Independent Δchs1 showed no differences in the growth and production of sulfated polysaccharide compared to control. Phycoerythrin contents of the two independent mutants substantially increased regardless of light source. This study provides a novel applicability for the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP method in red microalgae toward a bio-product of interest. The obtained mutants could serve as potential producers of phycoerythrin if Porphyridium is selected as a natural source.Plastic particles smaller than 1 μm are considered to be highly dangerous pollutants due to their ability to penetrate living cells. Model experiments on the toxicity of plastics should be correlated with actual concentrations of plastics in natural water. We simulated the natural destruction of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and poly(methyl methacrylate) in experiments on the abrasion of plastics with small stones. The plastics were dyed in mass with a fluorescent dye, which made it possible to distinguish plastic particles from stone fragments. We found that less than 1% of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride were converted to submicron size particles. In the case of more rigid poly(methyl methacrylate), the fraction of such particles reaches 11%. The concentration of particles with a diameter less than 1 μm in the model experiments was from 0.7 (polystyrene) to 13 mg/L (poly(methyl methacrylate)), and when transferring the obtained data to real reservoirs, these values should be reduced by several orders of magnitude. These data explain the difficulties associated with the search for nanoplastics in natural waters. The toxicity of such particles to hydrobionts in model experiments was detected for concentrations greater than 1 mg/L, which is unrealistic in nature. Detectable and toxic amounts of nano- and submicron plastic particles in living organisms can be expected only in the case of filter-feeding organisms, such as molluscs, krill, sponges, etc.6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) is one of the first synthetic hormones and has been widely used in fruit cultivation, gardening and agriculture. However, excessive use of 6-BA will cause potential harm to the environment and humans. Therefore, our research focused on assessing the impact of 6-BA on the development and neurobehavior of zebrafish. The results showed that 6-BA had little effect on the embryos from 2 hpf to 10 hpf. However, delayed development, decreased survival and hatchability were observed under 30 and 40 mg/L 6-BA from 24 hpf. 6-BA also reduced surface tension of embryonic chorions at 24 hpf. In addition, 6-BA caused abnormal morphology and promoted the accumulation of oxidative stress. Transcription of genes in connection with development and oxidative stress was also strikingly altered. Results of movement assay showed that zebrafish were less active and their behavior was significantly inhibited under the 20 and 30 mg/L 6-BA treatments. Locomotion-related genes th and mao were down-regulated by gradient, while the transcription of dbh was upregulated at a low concentration (2 mg/L) but decreased as the concentration increased.