Vogelberger3623

Genomic synteny indicates that A. splendens underwent an additional species-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) 18-20 Ma, which further promoted an increase in copies of numerous saline-alkali-related gene families in the A. splendens genome. By transcriptomic analysis, we further found that many of these duplicated genes from this extra WGD exhibited distinct functional divergence in response to salt stress. This WGD, therefore, contributed to the strong resistance to salt stress and widespread arid adaptation of A. splendens.Developing leaders in the corporate environment relies on many factors including the use of assessments and inventories in coaching and hiring. ProfilesXT, Lominger 360, Lominger Leadership Architect, Watson-Glaser, and CPI 260 will all be reviewed. This article explores how these instruments can be successfully integrated into a company's development and hiring practices, along with direct linkages for using them to enhance student leadership development.Non-profit organizations positively contribute to society in a myriad of ways. With their focus on purpose and mission, they raise funds and awareness for specific causes and people. This article points to how assessments and inventories strengthen the volunteer and professional workforce that drives the work of non-profit organizations. The assessments reviewed are the DiSC profile, leadership practices inventory, team dimensions profile, and change style indicator.Leadership inventories and assessments have emerged and evolved to meet the needs of unique historical moments. The article raises questions for how assessments and instruments may be used for the different purposes of leadership training, education, and development. The article concludes with a summary of the broad categories of leadership assessments, inventories, and tools presented in this volume.This article offers a set of themes that summarize the entirety of the book. Of particular note is the context in which this issue was written and how our social context impacts the ways we understand and explore leadership. In addition to the critical task of increasing self-awareness as a core deliverable of any leadership assessment or inventory, this article offers a set of themes that emerged from the articles in this issue.This article highlights the need for leader development for young professionals as early as possible in the college experience, particularly for those who will work in the public sector. The public sector has typically not provided the level of leadership training, education, and development often afforded new leaders in the private sector. This article provides insight into four assessments (Benchmarks for Managers, Workplace Big 5, Six Domains Leadership Survey, and Skillscope) that are suited for assessing leadership in the public sector and implications for preparing young adults to take on leadership roles in this sector.Team research that is designed to maximize social impact first requires an in-depth understanding of self, values, personal characteristics, and collaboration. This article explores how leadership assessments and inventories can be utilized to enhance the development of the research process in the context of an intentionally scaffolded first-year course and the complementary curricula and team experience that follows. True Colors, Character Values Scale, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, CliftonStrengths, and the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument will be discussed in this article.This article presents a national and international youth leadership program utilizing personal assessments as part of the pedagogy. Using the tenets of experiential learning, the learner's self-awareness heightens their experience as individuals make personal connections with the topic for deeper understanding. In addition to discussing the creation of tools for advancing the understanding and practice of leadership in the context of a specific organization, this article explores the following instruments and assessments Kolb Learning Styles Inventory, Transformational Leadership Instrument, Path-Goal Leadership Questionnaire, Identity-Who am I? Survey, and Leading from Experience.With the growing need to provide leadership development opportunities for graduate and professional students, this article discusses how to integrate leadership assessment and inventories within graduate and professional education. The DiSC personality test, insights discovery assessment, Myers-Briggs type indicator, and CliftonStrengths will be reviewed and described as tools to foster leadership identity development. Additionally, this article will discuss the need to connect these tools with existing theoretical frameworks.Many college leadership educators use inventories as part of co-curricular programs, outside the traditional classroom. This article will describe and critique the use of four instruments (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, CliftonStrengths, Emotionally Intelligent Leadership Inventory, and EarthquakeTM Simulation) to support student development within the context of leadership as a relational, community-oriented process. Sodium2(1Hindol3yl)acetate By using these tools intentionally, through a culturally relevant design and in line with students' developmental readiness, co-curricular educators can help foster leadership within each unique individual.Assessment instruments are critical to assist in the selection and development of strong, effective leaders. Developing a strong understanding of what makes a tool empirically sound, based on solid scientific concepts, can mean the difference between choosing an assessment that provides targeted, actionable, and accurate information versus an instrument that yields information that is biased, unhelpful, or even harmful to individuals and organizations. This article discusses the history of leadership assessments and how to critically evaluate available leadership instruments in order to enhance decision-making about what tool to use.This article explores the ethical use of assessments in leadership training, education, and development. From the importance of having well-trained facilitators to the consideration of power and social identity in the interpretation of individual results, this article advocates for approaching the use of leadership assessments and inventories with a critical ethic of care. This practical focus on ethics serves as a compliment to the other articles in this text by helping leadership educators and leadership professionals apply this critical lens to every facilitation.Leadership education ideally prepares learners for not only the world we now know, but also the anticipated global challenges that the practice of leadership will be tasked with addressing in the future. Towards this end, centering criticality, integrating both horizontal and vertical development, and balancing leader and leadership development become important goals. This article addresses how leadership educators can utilize inventories and assessments to advance these goals.

Hyblaea puera, commonly known as the teak defoliator, is a serious pest in teak plantations. Despite the availability of control measures, this pest causes losses in yield and quality of timber through voracious feeding. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising strategy for the control of this pest. Chitin metabolism, which is vital for the growth and development of arthropods, is a potential target for developing RNAi-based insecticides.

To assess the effects of chitin metabolism inhibition, H. puera larvae were treated with a chitin synthesis inhibitor, diflubenzuron (DFB). DFB treatment caused pupal deformities and disrupted eclosion. Partial gene sequences for three key genes of H. puera chitin metabolism were cloned and sequenced chitin synthase 1 (HpCHS1), chitinase-h (HpChi-h) and ecdysone receptor (HpEcR). Feeding dsRNA cognate for these three target genes to the first instar of H. puera resulted in mortality and reduction in the corresponding transcript levels as assessed through qRT-PCR. This is the first report of RNAi in this forestry pest. The highest mortality was 45.9%, in response to dsHpEcR treatment; HpChi-h transcripts were the most down-regulated in response to dsHpEcR feeding. DsHpEcR RNAi resulted in growth inhibition and molting arrest. The mortalities were 29.7% and 32.4% for dsHpCHS1 and dsHpChi-h feeding, respectively.

Chitin metabolism could be a potential target for RNAi-based control of H. puera, and HpCHS1, HpChi-h and HpEcR could be suitable target genes. However, the RNAi efficacy needs to be improved through formulations that improve stability and uptake, and employing better delivery strategies.

Chitin metabolism could be a potential target for RNAi-based control of H. puera, and HpCHS1, HpChi-h and HpEcR could be suitable target genes. However, the RNAi efficacy needs to be improved through formulations that improve stability and uptake, and employing better delivery strategies.

There is limited information on the influence of body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Investigate the influence of BMI on baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 24-month outcomes in VTE patients.

GARFIELD-VTE is a prospective, non-interventional study of 10869 patients with objectively confirmed VTE. Patients were grouped according to BMI <18.5 (underweight; n=214); 18.5-24.9 (normal; n=2866); 25.0-29.9 (overweight; n=3326); ≥30 (obese; n=3073).

Compared with patients with a normal BMI, obese patients were more frequently Caucasian (77.4% vs. 57.9%), treated in the outpatient setting (30.4% vs. 23.1%), and had previous VTE (17.5% vs. 11.7%). Active cancer was associated with lower BMI (underweight 30.4%, normal 13.5%, overweight 9.4%, obese 7.0%). At baseline, overweight and obese patients less often received parenteral therapy alone (16.7% and 14.4%) compared with those with an underweight or normal BMI (30.8% and 21.6%). Obese patients more commonly remained on anticoagulants for ≥2-years compared to those with a normal BMI (52.3% vs. 37.7%). After 24-months, the risk of all-cause mortality was lower in overweight and obese patients than in those with normal BMI (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]; 0.75 [0.63-0.89] and 0.59 [0.49-0.72], respectively). Underweight patients more often experienced major bleeding (2.45 [1.41-4.26]) and all-cause mortality (1.90 [1.43-2.53]) than patients with a normal BMI. Recurrent VTE was comparable among groups.

Underweight VTE patients have the highest risk of mortality and major bleeding. The risk of mortality in obese VTE patients is lower than that in VTE patients with a normal BMI.

Underweight VTE patients have the highest risk of mortality and major bleeding. The risk of mortality in obese VTE patients is lower than that in VTE patients with a normal BMI.The AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6)-like genes are ancient MADS-box genes and are functionally studied in a few model plants. The knowledge of these genes in wheat remains limited. Here, by studying a "double homoeolog mutant" of the AGL6 gene in tetraploid wheat, we showed that AGL6 was required for the development of all four whorls of floral organs with dosage dependent effect on floret fertility. Yeast two-hybrid analyses detected interactions of AGL6 with all classes of MADS-box proteins in the ABCDE model for floral organ development. AGL6 was found to interact with several additional proteins, including the G protein β and γ (DEP1) subunits. Analysis of the DEP1-B mutant showed significant reduction in spikelet number per spike in tetraploid wheat, while over-expression of AGL6 in common wheat increased the spikelet number per spike and hence the grain number per spike. RNA-seq analysis identified the regulation of several meristem activity genes by AGL6, such as FUL2 and TaMADS55. Our work therefore extensively updated the wheat ABCDE model and proposed an alternative approach to improve wheat grain yield by manipulating the AGL6 gene.