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While BEME reviews are primarily used to justify and support other studies, the current literature does not demonstrate their translation to educational practice.

While BEME reviews are primarily used to justify and support other studies, the current literature does not demonstrate their translation to educational practice.As a response to rising concerns about school violence, the Korean National Police Agency began recruiting specialized police officers, called Korean School Police Officers (KSPOs), in hopes that they would reduce in school behavioral and delinquency problems. The current study provides insight into the effects of crime prevention activities in Korean schools, using the 2014 Korean Youth Victimization Survey to advance the knowledge about the role of the KSPOs and their potential impact on delinquency reduction. Results indicate that the presence of KSPOs did not have any significant association with criminal victimization or fear of victimization. In some cases, the presence of KSPOs is associated with higher property crime by students. Implications of these findings for understanding KSPOs and their roles in preventing school crime and improving school environments are discussed. In addition, we discuss how lessons learned from the U.S. may influence future advancements in KSPO approaches and vice versa.

A new diagnosis of Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, CPTSD, is included in ICD-11 which was adopted in May 2019 by the World Health Organisation, WHO. In addition to the symptoms of PTSD, CPTSD includes emotional dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships. It may be a helpful diagnosis for trauma survivors with experiences of human mistreatment such as torture and abuse.

This study explores the views of patients in the community on psychotherapy for the diagnosis of CPTSD, taking a qualitative, participatory approach.

Twenty-four former patients from an NHS secondary mental health service in London interviewed each other about their treatment. Participants also collaborated in data analysis. All had a diagnosis of PTSD, with additional symptoms of CPTSD identified at assessment.

The key factor in recovery was rebuilding relationships, beginning with the therapist. Groupwork was helpful in promoting relationships with others, as it may result in shame reduction. Involvement in the wider community through peer support groups was also valuable.

The rebuilding of relationships based on trust was an active mechanism of change and recovery from CPTSD. Participants felt that sufficient time, at least one year of psychotherapy with weekly sessions, was needed.

The rebuilding of relationships based on trust was an active mechanism of change and recovery from CPTSD. Participants felt that sufficient time, at least one year of psychotherapy with weekly sessions, was needed.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proved to be groundbreaking in the field of oncology. However, immune system overactivation from ICIs has introduced a novel medical entity known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), that can affect any organ or tissue. ICI-induced inflammatory arthritis (ICI-IIA) is the most common musculoskeletal irAE and can lead to significant morbidity and limitation in anti-cancer therapy.

In this review, the authors focus on ICI-IIA. Relevant articles were identified through PubMed searches, spanning 2010 to the present. The authors detail the current understanding of its pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies.

ICI-IIA is a complex irAE that we are just beginning to understand mechanistically and pathologically. It often presents later in the disease course than other irAEs and, due to various reasons, is under-recognized. In some patients, ICI-IIA may become a chronic disease, which distinguishes it from most irAEs that resolve after ICI discohen should steroid-sparing agents be initiated? Close collaboration and shared decision-making between oncologists, rheumatologists, and the patient are essential when managing this particular irAE.The UK has set itself the ambitious target of zero new HIV transmissions by 2030. HIV stigma is a significant barrier to achieving this target. Ivacaftor purchase Media reporting plays an important role in shaping social representations of HIV and of stigma. Between 2016 and 2018, the media in the UK reported on the Daryll Rowe case - the first criminal prosecution for intentional transmission of HIV in the UK. This article examines the way that UK newspapers reported this case, which may have exacerbated HIV stigma. Using Nexis, 178 UK newspaper articles were extracted and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis through a social constructionist lens. Informed by social representations theory, the analysis yielded three discursive themes (1) Representing the perpetrator through HIV-focussed metaphors; (2) Constructing volitional ambiguity; and (3) Anchoring the lived experience of HIV to misery and death. UK newspapers constructed an 'evil vs victimhood' dichotomy in relation to Rowe and the men infected with HIV, respectively. This article argues that news coverage of the Rowe story constructs HIV in ways that are inconsistent with public health messaging. Reporting failed to note innovations in HIV treatment and prevention but instead disseminated stigmatising social representations of HIV. This is important because stigma impedes effective HIV prevention, engagement with HIV care and ultimately our ability to achieve the zero-infections target.What to do when item response data are multidimensional but a unidimensional model is preferred in terms of statistical simplicity and ease of interpretability? The projection method for the compensatory logistic multidimensional item response model for dichotomous data leads to a two parameter logistic model with local item dependence. Despite the local item dependence, the model is unidimensional for many practical purposes. Here, Ip's projection method is generalized to the case of the graded response model for polytomous variables, extending the applicability of the method to Likert-type response formats. A secondary aim of the paper is the study of rotation techniques intended for use prior to projection. In contrast to rotations aiming at a simple structure of factor loadings, the proposed techniques increase the variance explained before or after projection, facilitate the interpretation of the projected dimension by variants of target rotations or a mix of both. The method is illustrated with an application to the Highly Sensitive Person Scale and R code is provided.