Vittrupploug7383

In this study, screening by LC-MS and cytotoxicity-guided isolation led to the identification of ulleungamide C (1), a previously unknown pipecolic acid-rich branched cyclic depsipeptide, from a soil actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. KCB13F003. The structure of 1 was determined by interpretation of spectroscopic and spectrometric data from 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Antiproliferative assays using mammalian cancerous cells revealed that 1 inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell cycle analysis showed an increased accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase after treatment with 1. Results of immunoblotting assays revealed that 1 reduced the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and phosphorylated Rb, whereas it induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27/Kip1) expression.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic role of CRP in ovarian cancer and to assess whether CRP can be combined with tumor markers to enhance the diagnostic efficacy toward ovarian cancer. Area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to access the diagnostic ability of each singly and combined as markers for ovarian cancer. The CRP cut-off value was then calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CRP for ovarian cancer. Our results showed that values for all markers were significantly higher in the cancer group than in the control group. Receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that CA125 had the highest diagnostic efficacy for ovarian cancer, while the sensitivity for CRP was higher than for CA125, and the specificity for CRP was equal to that of CA125. The combination of CRP, CA125, and HE4, however, provided the strongest diagnostic capability. Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid cell line Furthermore, the diagnostic cut-off value for CRP with regard to ovarian cancer was 9.8 mg/L, and high levels of CRP were correlated with stage and tumor size of ovarian cancer. Our study indicated that CRP is valuable in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and that combining CRP with CA125 and HE4 improved the diagnostic efficacy with respect to ovarian cancer.As an adaptation to periodic fluctuations of environmental light, photosynthetic organisms have evolved a circadian clock. Control by the circadian clock of many cellular physiological functions, including antioxidant enzymes, metabolism and the cell cycle, has attracted attention in the context of oxidative stress tolerance. However, since each physiological function works in an integrated manner to deal with oxidative stress, whether or not cell responses to oxidative stress are under circadian control remains an open question. In fact, circadian rhythms of oxidative stress tolerance have not yet been experimentally demonstrated. In the present work, we applied an assay using methyl viologen (MV), which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation, and experimentally verified the circadian rhythms of oxidative stress tolerance in photosynthetic cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, a standard model species for investigation of the circadian clock. Here, we report that ROS generated by MV treatment causes damage to stroma components and not to the photosynthetic electron transportation chain, leading to reduced cell viability. The degree of decrease in cell viability was dependent on the subjective time at which oxidative stress was applied. Thus, oxidative stress tolerance was shown to exhibit circadian rhythms. In addition, the rhythmic pattern of oxidative stress tolerance disappeared in mutant cells lacking the essential clock genes. Notably, ROS levels changed periodically, independent of the MV treatment. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that in cyanobacterial cells, oxidative stress tolerance shows circadian oscillation.Consistent use of large amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, and mulch can cause the accumulation of harmful substances in cotton plants. Among these harmful substances, cadmium (Cd), an undegradable element, stands out as being particularly highly toxic to plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of biochar (3%) and biofertilizer (1.5%) to decrease Cd uptake, increase cotton dry weight, and modulate the activities of photosynthetic and peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase enzyme (CAT) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in Cd-contaminated soil (0, 1, 2, or 4 mg Cd kg-1 soil) in pots. These studies showed that, as expected, exogenous Cd adversely affects cotton chlorophyll and photosynthesis. However, biochar and biofertilizer increased cotton dry weight by an average of 16.82% and 32.62%, respectively. Meanwhile, biochar and biofertilizer decreased the accumulation of Cd in cotton organs, and there was a significant reduction in the amount of Cd in bolls (P  less then  0.05). Biochar and biofertilizer have a positive impact on cotton chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration. Thus, the addition of biochar and biofertilizer promote cotton growth. However, biochar and biofertilizer increased the SOD activity of leaves (47.70% and 77.21%), CAT activity of leaves (35.40% and 72.82%), SOD activity of roots (33.62% and 39.37%), and CAT activity of roots (36.91% and 60.29%), respectively, and the addition of biochar and biofertilizer decreased the content of MDA and electrolyte leakage rate. Redundancy analyses showed that biochar and biofertilizer also improved SOD and POD activities by reducing the heavy metal-induced oxidative stress in cotton and reducing Cd uptake in cotton organs. Therefore, biochar and biofertilizer have a positive effect on the growth of cotton.MicroRNA-200 (miR-200) family is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. We evaluated the levels of family members relative to the internal control miR-103a in ovarian cancer and control blood specimens collected from American and Hong Kong Chinese institutions, as well as from a laying hen spontaneous ovarian cancer model. The levels of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-200c were significantly elevated in all human cancer versus all control blood samples. Further analyses showed significantly higher miR-200 levels in Chinese control (except miR-429) and cancer (except miR-200a and miR141) samples than their respective American counterparts. Subtype-specific analysis showed that miR-200b had an overall elevated level in serous cancer compared with controls, whereas miR-429 was significantly elevated in clear cell and endometrioid cancer versus controls. MiR-429 was also significantly elevated in cancer versus control in laying hen plasma samples, consistent with the fact that endometrioid tumor is the prevalent type in this species. A neural network model consisting of miR-200a/200b/429/141 showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.904 for American ovarian cancer prediction, whereas a model consisting of miR-200b/200c/429/141 showed an AUC value of 0.901 for Chinese women. Hence, miR-200 is informative as blood biomarkers for both human and laying hen ovarian cancer.A pool of different types of neural progenitor cells resides in the adult hippocampus. Apart from doublecortin-expressing (DCX+) neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), the hippocampal parenchyma also contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. It is not clear yet to what extent the functions of these different progenitor cell types overlap and how plastic these cells are in response to pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hippocampal DCX+ NPCs can generate new oligodendrocytes under conditions in which myelin repair is required. For this, the cell fate of DCX-expressing NPCs was analyzed during cuprizone-induced demyelination and subsequent remyelination in two regions of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of DCX-CreERT2/Flox-EGFP transgenic mice. In this DCX reporter model, the number of GFP+ NPCs co-expressing Olig2 and CC1, a combination of markers typically found in mature oligodendrocytes, was significantly increased in the hippocampal DG during remyelination. In contrast, the numbers of GFP+PDGFRα+ cells, as well as their proliferation, were unaffected by de- or remyelination. During remyelination, a higher portion of newly generated BrdU-labeled cells were GFP+ NPCs and there was an increase in new oligodendrocytes derived from these proliferating cells (GFP+Olig2+BrdU+). These results suggest that DCX-expressing NPCs were able to contribute to the generation of mature oligodendrocytes during remyelination in the adult hippocampus.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is hitting high notes in the aging society in China. However, the prevalence and associated factors in Chinese aging population lack clarity to some extent. In the present study, we projected to inquire into the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors by analyzing datasets downloaded from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Data comprising age, gender, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and health behaviors as well as blood biomarkers were subjected to descriptive statistics followed by univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. The overall prevalence of MetS was 33.38% (95% CI 32.42-34.34%). With age augments, prevalence increased during 40-70 years, while declined in participants aged 70 years above. Females had 2.94 times of risks (95% CI 2.55-3.39, P  10,000 RMB and a non-agricultural hukou sustained higher risks than other participants (P  less then  0.05). Participants under education of middle school suffered 1.16 times of risks than other level of education (95% CI 1.01-1.34, P  less then  0.05). Smokers, participants with high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or hyperuricemia or high glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c sustained increased risks (P  less then  0.05). In Chinese aging population, with the augment of age, the prevalence ascended in men, while descended in women and was interfered by socioeconomic status, lifestyle and health behaviors as well as blood biomarkers, but not marital status and alcohol consumption.Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the most prominent non-invasive electrical brain stimulation method to alter neuronal activity as well as behavioral processes in cognitive and perceptual domains. However, the exact mode of action of tDCS-related cortical alterations is still unclear as the results of tDCS studies often do not comply with the somatic doctrine assuming that anodal tDCS enhances while cathodal tDCS decreases neuronal excitability. Changes in the regional cortical neurotransmitter balance within the stimulated cortex, measured by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter levels, have the potential to provide direct neurochemical underpinnings of tDCS effects. Here we assessed tDCS-induced modulations of the neurotransmitter concentrations in the human auditory cortex (AC) by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at ultra-high-field (7 T). We quantified inhibitory gamma-amino butyric (GABA) concentration and excitatory glutamate (Glu) and compared changes in the relative concentration of GABA to Glu before and after tDCS application.