Vilstruphansen7607

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has co-evolved with humans for decades and developed several mechanisms to evade host immunity. It can efficiently alter the host epigenome, thus playing a major role in immunomodulation by either activating or suppressing genes responsible for mounting an immune response against the pathogen. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodelling regulate gene expression and influence several cellular processes. The involvement of epigenetic factors in disease onset and development had been overlooked upon in comparison to genetic mutations. It is now believed that assessment of epigenetic changes hold great potential in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies for a wide range of diseases. In this review, we unravel the principles of epigenetics and the numerous ways by which MTB re-shapes the host epigenetic landscape as a strategy to overpower the host immune system for its survival and persistence.

Vertebral artery compression of the medulla is a rare vascular finding that causes a variety of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic to neurological disability. This article presents the largest literature review to date on medullary compression of the vertebral arteries.

An English literature search was performed using the PubMed database and the keywords vertebral artery tortuosity, vertebral artery compression, and medullary compression.

A comprehensive literature search yielded 68 patients (57% male) with medullary compression by an intracranial vertebral artery (ICVA). The left side of the medulla was compressed in 44, the right side in 19, and bilateral in 7. The most common clinical symptom was weakness - 26 patients (36%) - 6 had quadriparesis and 6 had hemiparesis. 21 patients reported imbalance; 12 various sensory symptoms; 4 patients were asymptomatic.

Understanding the anatomy of the vasculature can help mitigate future debilitating stroke symptoms. find more Concrete guidelines for revascularization surgery in symptomatic patients may also be effective. Future studies are needed to further clarify the prevalence, natural history, vascular etiology, and treatment of this condition, including asymptomatic patients and the likelihood that they will develop further neurological signs and disability.

Understanding the anatomy of the vasculature can help mitigate future debilitating stroke symptoms. Concrete guidelines for revascularization surgery in symptomatic patients may also be effective. Future studies are needed to further clarify the prevalence, natural history, vascular etiology, and treatment of this condition, including asymptomatic patients and the likelihood that they will develop further neurological signs and disability.

To quantitatively evaluate changes in vascular elasticity and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) with Ultrasound radiofrequency (RF)-data technology in asymptomatic patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and controls.

Thirty-seven T2DM patients and 39 controls were enrolled. Arterial elasticity and CCA-IMT were quantitatively assessed by RF-data technology. The CCA diameters in the diastolic and systolic phases, carotid distensibility (CD), IMT, values of stiffness (β) and local pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) were measured and compared between the two groups.

The T2DM group had significantly larger CCA diastolic and systolic diameter, lower CD values, higher IMT measurements (all p<0.001), and higher values of β and PWVβ (all P<0.05) than the controls. Significant differences were not revealed in the mean values of IMT, β, PWVβ and CD across both sides of the CCA (all P>0.05).

Higher IMT measurement and lower arterial elasticity of the CCA are significantly pronounced in asymptomatic T2DM patients and may suggest atherosclerotic changes, and the ultrasound RF-data technique may be used as a potential approach for detection of early-stage atherosclerosis.

Higher IMT measurement and lower arterial elasticity of the CCA are significantly pronounced in asymptomatic T2DM patients and may suggest atherosclerotic changes, and the ultrasound RF-data technique may be used as a potential approach for detection of early-stage atherosclerosis.

The clinical epidemiology of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in Sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Such information may be relevant for service planning, prevention and for adapting existing CVT management guidelines to that zone of the World.

Systematic review to describe the demography, associated conditions, clinical and neuroimaging features, treatment and outcome of CVT in Sub-Saharan Africa.

We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, clinicaltrials.gov and reference lists of included studies for studies reporting original data on CVT in sub-Saharan Africa. We included 20 observational studies describing 287 CVT patients, 11 case reports (13 patients) and 9 case series (274 patients). All studies had a high risk of bias. In case series 58.6 % of the patients were female, the most common associated condition was infection (63.1%), followed by oral contraceptives (7.3%), pregnancy/puerperium (6.2 %), and prothrombotic conditions (2.2%). CT was the most common method to diagnose CVT (85%). Ninety-nine percent (101/102) of patients reported in case series after the year 2000 were anticoagulated. In case series, 21/210 with information (10 %) patients died in the acute phase, while 60/129 with information (46.5%) recovered without sequels.

The low number of reported CVT cases from Sub-Saharan Africa suggests that CVT is either infrequent, not diagnosed or not reported. Infection is the most common risk factor. Most CVT cases were confirmed by CT alone. Almost all patients reported after year 2000 received anticoagulation. Death rate was higher than in high income countries.

The low number of reported CVT cases from Sub-Saharan Africa suggests that CVT is either infrequent, not diagnosed or not reported. Infection is the most common risk factor. Most CVT cases were confirmed by CT alone. Almost all patients reported after year 2000 received anticoagulation. Death rate was higher than in high income countries.

COVID-19 has substantial morbidity and mortality. We studied whether hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory diseases experienced worse outcomes compared to patients hospitalized with COVID-19 without chronic inflammatory diseases.

Danish nationwide registers were used to establish a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathy (SpA), or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (exposed), and a control cohort without these diseases (unexposed) between March 1, 2020, and October 31, 2020. We compared median length of hospital stay, used median regression models to estimate crude and adjusted differences. When estimating crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and mechanical ventilation, in-hospital death, 14-day and 30-day mortality, we used logistic regression models.

We identified 132 patients with COVID-19 and IBD, RA, SpA, or PsA, and 2811 unexposed admitted to hospitry diseases, compared to patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and no chronic inflammatory diseases.

Colon cancer treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been widely applied to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is important to explore the use of chemotherapy drugs in combination with other agents to decrease severe adverse effects.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin in combination with 5-FU on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of CRC SW620 cell line both in vitro and in vivo.

Flow cytometry was used to study the effect of curcumin on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in CRC cells. The mechanism of curcumin's enhanced antitumor effect in vivo was investigated using gene knockdown, TUNEL, western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

The results showed a synergistic effect of the two compounds on CRC cells. Considerable reduction in the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells was observed in the combination treatment group. Significantly increased apoptosis rate extended the survival of immunodeficient mice in the combination group as compared to that of the 5-FU group (p < 0.05). The results showed that curcumin significantly inhibited pERK signaling and downregulated L1 expression in SW620 cells.

We conclude that curcumin promotes chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by downregulating L1 expression. Our findings provide experimental evidence for the synergism between curcumin and 5-FU, which can be utilized in clinical applications for reducing the toxicity and adverse effects of 5-FU.

We conclude that curcumin promotes chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by downregulating L1 expression. Our findings provide experimental evidence for the synergism between curcumin and 5-FU, which can be utilized in clinical applications for reducing the toxicity and adverse effects of 5-FU.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis, but there are few reports on ox-LDL-mediated inflammation after injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of ox-LDL on endothelial injury and macrophage polarization and recruitment using human aortic endothelial cell line HAEC cells.

Changes in miRNA levels after ox-LDL treatment were assessed with qRT-PCR. Luciferase experiments were performed to verify the interaction between miRNA and protein, and co-IP and ubiquitination experiments to detect proteins interactions. Cell phenotype was assessed by cytometry and Western blot.

qRT-PCR data indicated that ox-LDL treatment up-regulates the expression of miR-30b-5p. Luciferase test and ubiquitination assay showed miR-30b-5p can bind to UBE2D2 and reduce its ubiquitination ability to degrade KAT2B. The up-regulated KAT2B promotes the acetylation of HMGB1, acetylated HMGB1 dissociates from SIRT1, exit the nucleus, and it is secreted from the cell. Flow cytometry and transwell experiments showed that HMGB1 secreted from HAEC can induce pro-inflammatory (M1-like) polarization and recruitment of RAW264.7cells.

Our results indicate that ox-LDL activates the UBE2D2/KAT2B pathway by upregulating miR-30b-5p, thus acetylating HMGB1, which is then secreted from the cell, thereby promoting pro-inflammatory cell polarization and recruitment of macrophage.

Our results indicate that ox-LDL activates the UBE2D2/KAT2B pathway by upregulating miR-30b-5p, thus acetylating HMGB1, which is then secreted from the cell, thereby promoting pro-inflammatory cell polarization and recruitment of macrophage.

Clinical trials have demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events with purified high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), independent of effects on lipids. We aimed to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids reduce vascular inflammation, a critical mediator of atherosclerosis, and hypothesised that EPA is superior to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

In a double-blind randomised controlled trial and cell-culture study, 40 healthy volunteers were supplemented with 4g daily of either EPA, DHA, fish oil (21 EPADHA), or placebo for 30 days. Serum was incubated with TNF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and markers of acute vascular inflammation (AVI) were measured. The effects of EPA, DHA (600mg/kg/day), olive oil, or no treatment were also measured in preclinical models of [1] AVI using a periarterial collar (C57Bl/6J; n=40 mice) and [2] atherosclerosis where ApoE

mice (n=40) were fed a 16-week atherogenic diet.

EPA supplementation reduced expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by 25% compared to placebo (p=0.