Villumsentillman1539

Along with increasing amounts of big data sources and increasing computer performance, real-world evidence from such sources likewise gains in importance. While this mostly applies to population averaged results from analyses based on the all available data, it is also possible to conduct so-called personalized analyses based on a data subset whose observations resemble a particular patient for whom a decision is to be made. Claims data from statutory health insurance companies could provide necessary information for such personalized analyses. To derive treatment recommendations from them for a particular patient in everyday care, an automated, reproducible and efficiently programmed workflow would be required. We introduce the R-package SimBaCo (Similarity-Based Cohort generation) offering a simple, but modular, and intuitive framework for this task. CL-14377 With the six built-in R-functions, this framework allows the user to create similarity cohorts tailored to the characteristics of particular patients. An exemp of treatment options of particular patients.Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. Method We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.Regular Mouthing Movements (RMMs) are movements in which lips and lower jaw movements occur regularly and can be observed in the fetus using transabdominal ultrasonic tomography. In near term infants, it is known that RMMs form clusters during the quiet sleep period. The notation of RMMs is not uniform, and is described as spontaneous sucking movement or non-nutritive sucking in newborns. Non-nutritive sucking is used to evaluate neurological function after birth, but there are no fetal indicators. The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in the RMM clusters in fetuses at 24-39 weeks of gestation, and to investigate the relationship with the non-eye movement (NEM) period, which corresponds to the quiet sleep period after birth. Subjects included 83 normal single pregnancy cases. Fetal RMMs and eye movement (EM) were observed for 60 minutes using ultrasonic tomography and recorded as moving image files. We created time series data of eye movements and mouth movements from video recordings, and calculated RMM clusters per minute within effective observation time, RMM clusters per minute in EM period, RMM clusters per minute in NEM period, mouthing movements per cluster and ratio of number of RMM clusters per minute between NEM and EM periods and analyzed using linear regression analysis. As a result, critical points were detected in at two time points, at 32-33 weeks and 36-37 weeks of gestation, in RMM clusters per minute within the effective observation time and RMM clusters per minute in NEM period, respectively. RMM clusters in human fetuses increased from 32-33 to 36-37 weeks. This change is thought to represent fetal sleep development and central nervous system development.Adaptive regulation of epithelial transporters to nutrient intake is essential to decrease energy costs of their synthesis and maintenance, however such regulation is understudied. Previously we demonstrated that the transport function of the basolateral amino acid uniporter LAT4 (Slc43a2) is increased by dephosphorylation of serine 274 (S274) and nearly abolished by dephosphorylation of serine 297 (S297) when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Phosphorylation changes in the jejunum of food-entrained mice suggested an increase in LAT4 transport function during food expectation. Thus, we investigated further how phosphorylation, expression and localization of mouse intestinal LAT4 respond to food-entrained diurnal rhythm and dietary protein content. In mice entrained with 18% protein diet, LAT4 mRNA was not submitted to diurnal regulation, unlike mRNAs of luminal symporters and antiporters. Only in duodenum, LAT4 protein expression increased during food intake. Concurrently, S274 phosphorylation was decreased in al Overall, we show that phosphorylation, expression and localization of intestinal mouse LAT4 responds to diurnal and dietary stimuli in location-specific manner.Background As lumbar spinal stenosis commonly occurs between the L2 and L5 segments, hip abductors are easily affected. However, studies regarding the gait pattern in these patients from the coronal plane have not yet been conducted. Purpose To determine the effects of lumbar spinal stenosis on the gait pattern (stride width and femorotibial angle) and hip abductor surface electromyography in varied stride widths compared with healthy individuals. Study design Prospective case-control study. Methods Seventeen patients and 20 healthy individuals were enrolled. Each participant completed three gait assessments in their normal gait, adducted gait and abducted gait. The femorotibial angle and surface electromyography signals were measured. Pain scores was used to quantify the degree of discomfort in the gluteal area and medial side of the knee. Results When the hip abductors' surface electromyography signals were normalized by quadriceps femoris, patients group showed significantly higher activation ratios throug medial knee, relating to the escalated risk of degenerative knee osteoarthritis.The effects of each type of machine perfusion preservation (MP) of liver grafts donated after cardiac death on the bile canaliculi of hepatocytes remain unclear. We analyzed the intracellular three-dimensional ultrastructure of the bile canaliculi and hepatocyte endomembrane systems in porcine liver grafts after warm ischemia followed by successive MP with modified University of Wisconsin gluconate solution. link2 Transmission and osmium-maceration scanning electron microscopy revealed that lumen volume of the bile canaliculi decreased after warm ischemia. In liver grafts preserved by hypothermic MP condition, bile canaliculi tended to recover in terms of lumen volume, while their microvilli regressed. In contrast, midthermic MP condition preserved the functional form of the microvilli of the bile canaliculi. Machine perfusion preservation potentially restored the bile canaliculus lumen and alleviated the cessation of cellular endocrine processes due to warm ischemia. In addition, midthermic MP condition prevented the retraction of the microvilli of bile canaliculi, suggesting further mitigation of the damage of the bile canaliculi.Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health and economic concern. Current antimicrobial agents are becoming less effective against common bacterial infections. We previously identified pyrrolocins A and C, which showed activity against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria. Structurally similar compounds, known as pyrrolidinediones (e.g., TA-289, equisetin), also display antibacterial activity. However, the mechanism of action of these compounds against bacteria was undetermined. Here, we show that pyrrolocin C and equisetin inhibit bacterial acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the first step in fatty acid synthesis. We used transcriptomic data, metabolomic analysis, fatty acid rescue and acetate incorporation experiments to show that a major mechanism of action of the pyrrolidinediones is inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis, identifying ACC as the probable molecular target. This hypothesis was further supported using purified proteins, demonstrating that biotin carboxylase is the inhibited component of ACC. There are few known antibiotics that target this pathway and, therefore, we believe that these compounds may provide the basis for alternatives to current antimicrobial therapy.In Europe HAV infection occurs mainly among specific risk groups, such as consumers of specific food. Sexual transmission of HAV has been demonstrated, particularly among Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men (MSM), causing MSM-specific outbreaksin Europe. Here we report a molecular epidemiologic and phylodynamic analysis on HAV sequences in Lazio (central Italy)to identify genetic background and the phylogenetic relations, and test the HAV infection dynamics during a large outbreak through phylodynamic model.Among all HAV sequences found during 2013-2018 in Lazio, low genetic diversity was observed in HAV population in 2016 and 2017, along with high frequenciesVRD_521_2016and RIVM-HAV16-090, suggesting a large expansion event of viral population. The initial expansion of both VRD_521_2016 and RIVM-HAV16-090 clusters dated back to 2012 (95% HPD2006-2015). During the2016-2017outbreak in Lazio region, the Re peaked around mid-2016, with a value of 1.73 (95% HPD 1.03-2.37), consistent with incidence trend of AHA cases in Lazio between 2016 and mid-2017. This study showed the magnitude of HAV outbreak in Lazio during 2016-2017, demonstrating the epidemic continuity to MSM-specific outbreak in Europe. The HAV dataset is available on interactive phylodynamic platform https//nextstrain.org to real-time update of future outbreaks.Rationale The RECIST guideline defines four categories of response to treatment for cancer patients according to post-baseline changes in tumor burden, hence ignoring disease history. However, if left untreated, tumors grow exponentially, implying that pretreatment changes in tumor size are key to thoroughly assess efficacy. We present a model-based approach to estimate the rates of changes in tumor mass, before and after treatment onset. Methods Sixty-eight patients were eligible for the analysis of tumor size data from a Phase 1 study evaluating the effect of emactuzumab. In addition to tumor size measured at baseline and every six weeks during treatment, a pre-baseline measurement was gathered for each patient. A longitudinal regression model was used to estimate the rates of tumor size change before and after treatment onset. link3 Results The median pre-treatment tumor growth exponential rate was equal to 0.022 month-1, corresponding to a tumor size doubling time of 4 months, and the on-treatment median tumor shrinkage exponential rate was equal to 0.