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The particles presented active cancer-targeting ability if there was enough interaction time between the particles and cells. This was mainly due to the dynamic evolution of the protein corona, the proteins of which may be outcompeted by the cancer cell membrane and determine the targeting abilities. Unfortunately, the protein corona also inevitably accelerated RES/MPS uptake after the particles were injected into the body, which almost completely disabled the active targeting abilities of the particles. We believe that this in-depth understanding of protein corona will provide new ideas on the tumor-targeting mechanisms of nanoparticles and present a feasible approach to designing targeted drugs in the future.In recent times, metal tungstates have received a lot of attention in various research fields. Accordingly, the CaWO4/RGO (CW/RGO) nanocomposite was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The electrocatalytic performance of the hydrothermally prepared CW/RGO nanocomposite was used for the electrochemical detection of the antibiotic medicine enrofloxacin (ENF). The electrocatalytic oxidation performance of ENF was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (AMP) techniques. The CV results showed the lowest anodic peak potential and the enhanced anodic peak current response compared to the other modified electrodes. Mainly, our newly proposed sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 0.021 μM, and a significant linear range of 0.001-115 μM. Additionally, our proposed sensor exhibited good selectivity, great long-term stability, and excellent reproducibility. Then, our proposed sensor was successfully applied to detect the amount of ENF in a milk sample and river water, which exhibited good satisfactory results.Besides iron, ironically neodymium (Nd) is the most ubiquitously used metal for magnetic purposes, even among the lanthanides, when it comes to the field of molecular magnetism, yet it ranks among the least studied metals. BV-6 mouse However, strong apathy towards this magnetic lanthanide means that vital information will be missed, which is required for the advancement of the subject. Herein, we have successfully demonstrated the usefulness of a hexanuclear neodymium complex as a magnetic material, and also in electronic device fabrication. A NdIII6 cage with an aesthetically pleasing butterfly topology was synthesized using a rather non-conventional N-rich pyridyl-pyrazolyl based ligand. The cage shows single molecule magnet (SMM) properties, with an effective energy barrier, Ueff, value of 3.4 K and relaxation time, τ0, of 3.1 × 10-4 s, originating from an unusual occurrence of metal centres with different coordination environments. Furthermore, magnetic studies reveal significant cyrogenic magnetic cooling, with a magnetic entropy change of 8.28 J kg-1 K-1 at 5 T and 3 K. To the best of our knowledge, the titular compound is the only example of a Nd-complex that exhibits concomitant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and SMM properties. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were carried out to shed light on the origin of the magnetic anisotropy and magnetic relaxation of the compound. The same uniqueness is also true for the first electronic investigation carried out on the Nd complex. The maiden electronic device fabricated using the Nd complex shows an interesting intertwining of electronic and optical features, which contribute towards its improved photosensitized optoelectronic data.Repairing articular cartilage defects is a great challenge due to the poor self-regenerative capability of cartilage. Hydrogel-based tissue engineering has been considered an effective strategy. In this study, inspired by mussel chemistry, catechol-modified chitosan (CS-C) hydrogel was prepared under the catalysis of horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (HRP/H2O2) for cartilage defect repair in a rat model. The rheological and swelling properties and biodegradation behavior of the CS-C hydrogel were investigated. Besides, the chondrogenic effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) within the CS-C hydrogel was also assessed in vitro. Moreover, after injecting in rat cartilage defects, the capability of cartilage repair of the BMSC-laden CS-C hydrogel was evaluated in vivo. The results showed that the rheological property, swelling property and biodegradation behavior of the CS-C hydrogel changed with the concentration of CS-C macromolecules. Besides, the CS-C hydrogel had good biocompatibility with BMSCs and could promote the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. As for cartilage defect repair in vivo, through the evaluation of gross observation and histology, the BMSC-laden CS-C hydrogel showed better reconstruction of hyaline cartilage than the untreated group and CS-C hydrogel only. Therefore, CS-C hydrogel laden with BMSC might be a promising strategy for repairing cartilage defects.We have synthesised a new aromatic foldamer based on the carbazole-pyridine oligomers that adopt helical conformations via dipole-dipole interactions and π-stacking between two ethynyl bond-linked monomers. This foldamer scaffold has been further modified into a synthetic receptor with a tweezer-type binding cavity outside the helical backbone upon folding, in contrast to most aromatic foldamers with internal binding cavities. The tweezer-type cavity is composed of two parallel pyrenyl planes, allowing for the intercalation of a naphthalenediimide guest via π-stacking and CH⋯O interactions, as demonstrated using its 1H NMR spectra and X-ray crystal structure.A norbornene-based sulfide stabilized silylium ion 4 has been synthesized. The S-Si interaction was studied in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis as well as DFT calculations. Unlike the previously reported phosphine-stabilized silylium ion VII, behaving as a Lewis pair, calculations predict that 4 should behave as a Lewis acid toward acrylate derivatives. Indeed, the base-stabilized silylium ion 4 has emerged as an easy-to-handle silylium ion-based Lewis acid catalyst, particularly for the Diels-Alder cycloaddition, with poorly reactive dienes, and hydrodefluorination reactions.Herein, we describe the design of a portable device integrated with micromotors for real-time fluorescence sensing of (bio)markers. The system comprises a universal 3D printed platform to hold a commercial smartphone, which is equipped with an external magnification optical lens (20-400×) and tailor-made emission filters directly attached to the camera, an adjustable sample holder to accommodate a glass slide and laser excitation sources. On a first approach, we illustrate the suitability of the platform using magnetic Janus micromotors modified with fluorescent ZnS@CdxSe1-x quantum dots for real-time ON-OFF mercury detection. On a second approach, graphdiyne tubular catalytic micromotors modified with a rhodamine labelled affinity peptide are used for the OFF-ON detection of cholera toxin B. The micromotor-based smartphone for fluorescence sensing approach was compared to a high-performance optical microscope, and similar analytical features were obtained. This versatility allows for easy integration of micromotor fluorescence sensing strategies based on different propulsion mechanisms, allowing for its future use with a myriad of biomarkers and even multiplexed schemes.To accurately represent the morphological and elastic properties of a human red blood cell, Fu et al. [Fu et al., Lennard-Jones type pair-potential method for coarse-grained lipid bilayer membrane simulations in LAMMPS, 2017, 210, 193-203] recently developed a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model with particular detail in the membrane. However, such a model accrues an extremely high computational cost for whole-cell simulation when assuming an appropriate length scaling - that of the bilayer thickness. To date, the model has only simulated "miniature" cells in order to circumvent this, with the a priori assumption that these miniaturised cells correctly represent their full-sized counterparts. The present work assesses the validity of this approach, by testing the scale invariance of the model through simulating cells of various diameters; first qualitatively in their shape evolution, then quantitatively by measuring their bending rigidity through fluctuation analysis. Cells of diameter of at least 0.5 μm were able to form the characteristic biconcave shape of human red blood cells, though smaller cells instead equilibrated to bowl-shaped stomatocytes. Thermal fluctuation analysis showed the bending rigidity to be constant over all cell sizes tested, and consistent between measurements on the whole-cell and on a planar section of bilayer. This is as expected from the theory on both counts. Therefore, we confirm that the evaluated model is a good representation of a full-size RBC when the model diameter is ≥0.5 μm, in terms of the morphological and mechanical properties investigated.Phosphorene quantum dots (PQDs) belong to a new class of zero-dimensional functional nanostructures with unique physicochemical and surface properties in comparison with few-layer phosphorene and other 2D analogues. Tunable band gap as a function of number of layers, ease of passivation and high carrier mobility of PQDs have attracted considerable attention in catalysis research due to which spectacular progress has been made in PQD research over the last few years. PQDs are now considered as promising catalytic materials for electrocatalytic water splitting and nitrogen reduction, lithium-sulfur batteries, solar light-driven energy devices and biocatalysis, either in pristine form or as an active component for constructing heterostructures with other 2D materials. In the light of these recent advances, it is worthwhile to review and consolidate PQD research in catalytic applications to understand the challenges ahead and suggest possible solutions. In this review, we systematically summarize various synthetic strategies including ultrasonic and electrochemical exfoliation, solvothermal treatment, blender breaking, milling, crushing and pulsed laser irradiation. Furthermore, the physiochemical properties of PQDs are discussed based on both experimental and theoretical perspectives. The potential applications of PQDs in catalysis with special emphasis on photocatalysis (solar light-driven energy devices) and electrocatalysis (oxygen evolution reactions and hydrogen evolution reactions) -are critically discussed along with the present status, challenges and future perspectives.A transition-metal and hydride-free reductive aldol reaction has been developed for the synthesis of biologically active 3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles from isatin derivatives using rongalite. In this protocol, rongalite plays a dual role as a hydride-free reducing agent and a C1 unit donor. This transition metal-free method enables the synthesis of a wide range of 3-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyloxindoles and 3-amino-3-hydroxymethyloxindoles with 79-96% yields. One-pot reductive hydroxymethylation, inexpensive rongalite (ca. $0.03/1 g), mild reaction conditions and short reaction time are some of the key features of this synthetic method. This protocol is also applicable to gram scale synthesis.