Villarrealmaynard2806

The interlayer modification and the intercalation pseudocapacitance have been combined in vanadium oxide electrode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Intercalation pseudocapacitive hydrated vanadium oxide Mn1.4 V10 O24 ·12H2 O with defective crystal structure, interlayer water, and large interlayer distance has been prepared by a spontaneous chemical synthesis method. The inserted Mn2+ forms coordination bonds with the oxygen of the host material and strengthens the interaction between the layers, preventing damage to the structure. Combined with the experimental data and DFT calculation, it is found that Mn2+ refines the structure stability, adjusts the electronic structure, and improves the conductivity of hydrated vanadium oxide. Also, Mn2+ changes the migration path of Zn2+ , reduces the migration barrier, and improves the rate performance. Therefore, Mn2+ -inserted hydrated vanadium oxide electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 456 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 , 173 mAh g-1 at 40 A g-1 , and a capacity retention of 80% over 5000 cycles at 10 A g-1 . Furthermore, based on the calculated zinc ion mobility coefficient and Zn(H2 O)n 2+ diffusion energy barrier, the possible migration behavior of Zn(H2 O)n 2+ in vanadium oxide electrode has also been speculated, which will provide a new reference for understanding the migration behavior of hydrated zinc-ion.Electrical microstimulation has enabled partial restoration of vision, hearing, movement, somatosensation, as well as improving organ functions by electrically modulating neural activities. However, chronic microstimulation is faced with numerous challenges. The implantation of an electrode array into the neural tissue triggers an inflammatory response, which can be exacerbated by the delivery of electrical currents. Meanwhile, prolonged stimulation may lead to electrode material degradation., which can be accelerated by the hostile inflammatory environment. Both material degradation and adverse tissue reactions can compromise stimulation performance over time. For stable chronic electrical stimulation, an ideal microelectrode must present 1) high charge injection limit, to efficiently deliver charge without exceeding safety limits for both tissue and electrodes, 2) small size, to gain high spatial selectivity, 3) excellent biocompatibility that ensures tissue health immediately next to the device, and 4) stable in vivo electrochemical properties over the application period. In this review, the challenges in chronic microstimulation are described in detail. To aid material scientists interested in neural stimulation research, the in vitro and in vivo testing methods are introduced for assessing stimulation functionality and longevity and a detailed overview of recent advances in electrode material research and device fabrication for improving chronic microstimulation performance is provided.

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that certain microRNAs play critical roles in epileptogenesis. Our previous studies found microRNA (miR)-129-2-3p was induced in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-129-2-3p in TLE pathogenesis.

By bioinformatics, we predicted miR-129-2-3p may target the gene GABRA1 encoding the GABA type A receptor subunit alpha 1. Luciferase assay was used to investigate the regulation of miR-129-2-3p on GABRA1 3'UTR. The dynamic expression of miR-129-2-3p and GABRA1 mRNA and protein levels were measured in primary hippocampal neurons and a rat kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure model by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunostaining. MiR-129-2-3p agomir and antagomir were utilized to explore their role in determining GABRA1 expression. learn more The effects of targeting miR-129-2-3p and GABRA1 on epilepsy were assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and immunostaining.ts. MiR-129-2-3p/GABRA1 pathway may represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of refractory epilepsy.Electrically insulating polymers are indispensable for electronic and energy applications, but their poor thermal conduction has increasingly become a bottleneck for high-performance devices. Highly drawn low-dimensional polymeric fibers and thin films can exhibit metallic conductivity. Extending this to bulk materials required by real world applications is prohibitive due to the additional interfacial thermal conduction barriers. It is demonstrated that highly aligned ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene microfibers can be incorporated into a silicone matrix to yield a fully organic bulk polymer composite with a continuous vertical phonon pathway. This leads to a perpendicular thermal conductivity of 38.27 W m-1 K-1 , at par with metals and two orders of magnitude higher than other bulk organic polymers. Taking further advantage of the mechanical flexibility of the microfibers, the processing method offers the freedom to tailor heat transfer pathways in a macroscopic 3D space. The material/process opens up opportunities for efficient thermal management in high-performance devices.A new approach is described for fabricating 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (11) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels by freeze-casting with 3D-printed sacrificial templates. Single layer or multiple layers of macrochannels are formed through an inverse replica of 3D-printed templates. Aligned microchannels formed by partially anisotropic freezing act as interconnected pores between templated macrochannels. The resulting macro-/microchannels within nanofiber aerogels significantly increase preosteoblast infiltration in vitro. The conjugation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mimicking QK peptide to PCL/gelatin/gelatin methacryloyl (10.50.5) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels promotes the formation of a microvascular network of seeded human microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels show significantly enhanced cellular infiltration rates and host tissue integration compared to aerogels without macrochannels following subcutaneous implantation in rats.