Vilhelmsenhansen7359

29, 95% CI 1.15 to 9.41) had delayed treatment-seeking behaviour, whereas participants with no history of substance use (AOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.92) were less likely to have delayed treatment-seeking behaviour.

There is significant delay in seeking modern psychiatric treatment. Religious healers were the first source of help for mental illness. CUDC-101 Majority of the respondents described that mental illness was due to supernatural causes. Stigma and lack of awareness about where treatment is available were barriers to seeking appropriate care.

There is significant delay in seeking modern psychiatric treatment. Religious healers were the first source of help for mental illness. Majority of the respondents described that mental illness was due to supernatural causes. Stigma and lack of awareness about where treatment is available were barriers to seeking appropriate care.

To quantitatively investigate the motivations, decision-making and experience of participants in controlled human infection (CHI) studies.

Cross-sectional descriptive survey study.

Previous participants of CHI studies at the Leiden Controlled Human Infection Center, control group of students from Leiden University.

61 previous participants and 156 controls.

Ranking of motivational and decisional factors, risk propensity score and multiple-choice questions on experience of trial participation and ethical aspects of CHI studies.

Motivating factors for participants were contributing to science (81%), contributing to research that may benefit developing countries (72%) and the financial compensation (63%). For 51% of participants, a reason other than financial compensation was the most important motivational factor. Participants considered trust in the study team (70%), time investment (63%), severity of symptoms (54%), chance of developing symptoms (54%) and whether it is an easy way to make money (54%) in their decision to participate. Most CHI participants (84%) were proud of their participation, would advise others to participate (89%) and would participate in a similar trial again (85%). CHI participants had a higher risk propensity score than students (estimated difference 0.9, p<0.001).

Although financial compensation is important, the motivations for participants in a CHI study are diverse and participants make a balanced appraisal of risks and burden before participating.

Although financial compensation is important, the motivations for participants in a CHI study are diverse and participants make a balanced appraisal of risks and burden before participating.

Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease worldwide and represents a challenge for patients and healthcare systems. This population-based study evaluated diabetes burden in Italy in 2018 by assessing all aspects of outpatient and hospital care.

We investigated data of 11 300 750 residents in local health districts contributing to ARNO Diabetes Observatory (~20% of Italian inhabitants). All administrative healthcare claims were analyzed to gather information on access to medical resources. Subjects with diabetes, identified by antihyperglycemic drug prescriptions, disease-specific copayment exemption and hospital discharge codes, were compared with age, sex and residency-matched non-diabetic individuals.

We identified 697 208 subjects with ascertained diabetes, yielding a prevalence of 6.2% (6.5% in men vs 5.9% in women, p<0.001). Age was 69±15 (mean±SD). As compared with non-diabetic subjects, patients with diabetes received more prescriptions of any drugs (+30%, p<0.001), laboratory tests, radiologic exams and outpatient specialist consultations (+20%, p<0.001) and were hospitalized more frequently (+86%, p<0.001), with a longer stay (+1.4 days, p<0.001). Although cardiovascular diseases accounted for many hospital discharge diagnoses, virtually all diseases contributed to the higher rate of hospital admissions in diabetic subjects (235 vs 99 per 1000 person-years, p<0.001). Healthcare costs were >2-fold higher in subjects with diabetes, mainly driven by hospitalizations and outpatient care related to chronic complications rather than to glucose-lowering drugs, diabetes-specific devices, or metabolic monitoring.

The burden of diabetes in Italy is particularly heavy and, as a systemic disease, it includes all aspects of clinical medicine, with consequent high expenses in all areas of healthcare.

The burden of diabetes in Italy is particularly heavy and, as a systemic disease, it includes all aspects of clinical medicine, with consequent high expenses in all areas of healthcare.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension that has significant cardiovascular events and increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetics. Although plasma aldosterone concentration is positively correlated with visceral fat area (VFA) in non-PA individuals, the role of visceral adiposity associated with clinical success after surgery is not known.

We analyzed patients who underwent adrenalectomy for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) at the Taiwan PA Investigator group. VFA was calculated from the abdominal CT scan at APA diagnosis, and all patients received adrenalectomy.

The study involved 100 consecutive patients with APA (42 males; mean age 49.3 years) matched with 41 essential hypertension (EH) patients. Patients with APA had smaller VFA (p=0.010) than their EH counterparts. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of hypertension (p=0.007), but not plasma aldosterone, was negatively correlated with VFA in patients with APA. Logistic regresand aldosterone of the patients with APA.

To evaluate incidence of toxic optic neuropathy in patients receiving ethambutol (EMB) for 6months and to identify its early indicators.

We included 50 patients on anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) including EMB (HRE regimen) based on total body weight for 6months. Best-corrected visual acuity (ETDRS), colour vision (Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plates), contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson chart), Humphrey visual field analysis (HVF 30-2 SITA FAST), pattern visual evoked response (VER) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) for ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) analysis were assessed at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6months after starting ATT.

Mean age of the patients was 36.5±14.7years with malefemale ratio of 2.51. Mean daily dosage of EMB was 17.5±1.3 mg/kg/day. No significant change was observed in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision and mean or pattern SD on HVF at 6 months. Significant increase in VER latency of >2 SD (>125ms) was observed in 46% eyes on follow-up indicating subclinical toxicity.