Viborgbirk3930

Yellow tailflower mild mottle virus (YTMMV, genus Tobamovirus) was identified from wild plants of solanaceous species in Australia. Nicotiana benthamiana is a species indigenous to the arid north of Australia. N. benthamiana accession RA-4 or the 'lab' type, which has a mutant, functionally-defective, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (Rdr1) gene (Nb-Rdr1m), has played a significant role in plant virology, but little study has been done on responses to virus infection by other accessions of N. benthamiana. All wild-collected N. benthamiana accessions used in this study harboured wild-type Rdr1 genes (Nb-Rdr1). We compared symptoms of YTMMV infection and viral RNA load on RA-4 and nine wild-collected accessions of N. benthamiana from mainland Western Australia, an island, and the Northern Territory. After inoculation with YTMMV, RA-4 plants responded with systemic hypersensitivity and all individuals were dead 35 days post-inoculation (dpi). Plants of wild-collected accessions exhibited a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and some, but not all, individuals died in the same period. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that the Rdr1 mutation was not a predictor of viral RNA load or symptom severity. For example, wild-collected A019412 plants carried over twice the viral RNA load of RA-4 plants, but symptom expression was moderate. For plants of most accessions, viral RNA load did not increase after 10 dpi. The exception was plants of accession Barrow-1, where viral RNA load was low until 15 dpi, after which it increased over 29-fold. This study revealed differential responses by N. benthamiana accessions to infection by an isolate of YTMMV. The Rdr1 gene, whether mutant or wild-type, did not appear to influence viral RNA load or disease expression. Genetic diversity of the ten N. benthamiana lines in some cases reflected geographical location, but in other lines this was not so.Cucurbit downy mildew caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis is an important disease that affects members of Cucurbitaceae family globally. However, temporal dynamics of the disease have not been characterized at the field scale to understand how control strategies influence disease epidemics. Disease severity was assessed visually on cucumber and summer squash treated with weekly alternation of chlorothalonil with either cymoxanil, fluopicolide or propamocarb, during the 2018 spring season and 2019 and 2020 fall seasons in North Carolina, and the 2018 and 2020 fall seasons in South Carolina. Disease onset was observed around mid-June during the spring season and early September during the fall season, followed by a rapid increase in severity until mid-July in the spring season and late September or mid-October in the fall season, typical of polycyclic epidemics. The Gompertz, logistic and monomolecular growth models were fitted to disease severity using linear regression and parameter estimates usd an improved understanding of the dynamics of the disease at the field level. Parameters of disease progress obtained from this study could serve as inputs in simulation studies to assess the efficacy of fungicide alternation in managing fungicide resistance in this pathosystem.Purpose The purpose of this study was to use objective measures of glottal gap, bowing, and supraglottic compression from selected images of laryngoscopic examinations from adults over 60 years of age with voice complaints and signs of aging to test current hypotheses on whether degree of severity impacts treatment recommendations and potential follow-through with treatment. Method Records from 108 individuals 60 years or older with voice complaints and signs of aging were reviewed. Three objective measures (normalized glottal gap area [NGGA], total bowing index, and normalized true vocal fold width) were derived. Each measure was subsequently divided into three categories by severity absence, small degree, or large degree. Nonparametric statistics tested associations between severity and treatment recommendations as well as potential follow-through. Results Noninvasive treatments (observation/voice therapy) were marginally associated with no glottal gap (p = .09). More invasive treatments (injection/bilateral thyroplasty) were associated with glottal gaps being present (p = .026), but bilateral thyroplasty recommendations were not significantly associated with the largest gaps. Treatment modalities were not characterized by specific severity categories for any of the objective measures. No significant differences were found for any of the three objective measures between those who followed through with recommended treatment and those who did not. Discussion Results demonstrated some support for current hypotheses on how degrees of severity of objective measures relate to treatment recommendations. Of the three measures, NGGA appears to be more informative regarding treatment recommendations and follow-through, but due to low power, larger sample sizes are needed to confirm clinical relevance.Purpose The main aim of this study is to provide French Canadian reference data for quantitative measures extracted from connected speech samples elicited by the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised picnic scene, a discourse task frequently used in clinical assessment of acquired language disorders. Method Our sample consisted of 62 healthy French Canadian adults divided in two age groups a 50- to 69-year-old group and a 70- to 90-year-old group. Results High interrater reliability scores were obtained for most of the variables. Most connected speech variables did not demonstrate an age effect. However, the 70- to 90-year-old group produced more repetitions than the 50- to 69-year-old group and displayed reduced communication efficiency (number of information content units per minute). Conclusion These findings contribute to building a reference data set to analyze descriptive discourse production in clinical settings.

Research eliciting patients' illness concerns has typically focused later in the cancer continuum, rather than during cancer treatments. Family caregiver concerns are overlooked during this time. Less is known about how patients and caregivers prioritize concerns during cancer treatments, which holds potential for improving supportive oncology care (ie, primary palliative care). The purpose of this study was to elicit and compare which domains of supportive oncology are of highest importance to patients and caregivers during cancer treatments.

Freelisting, a cognitive anthropology method, was used to elicit concerns in order of importance. Freelist data were analyzed using Smith's salience index. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a caregiver subsample to add explanatory insights.

In descending order, pain, death, fear, family, and awful were salient Freelist items for patients (n = 65), whereas sadness, time-consuming, support, anger, tired, death, and frustration were salient for caregivers (nalliative care may be improved by prioritizing interventions that address physical concerns among patients as well as key social concerns among caregivers to support the complex caregiving role while patients undergo cancer treatments.Few ideas in cancer genetics have been as influential as the "two-hit" theory of tumor suppressors. This idea was introduced in 1971 by Al Knudson in a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science and forms the basis for our current understanding of the role of mutations in cancer. In this theoretical discussion proposing a genetic basis for retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer of the retina, Knudson posited that these tumors arise from two inactivating mutations, targeting both alleles of a putative tumor suppressor gene. While this work built on earlier proposals that cancers are the result of mutations in more than one gene, it was the first to propose a plausible mechanism by which single genes that are affected by germ-line mutations in heritable cancers could also cause spontaneous, nonheritable tumors when mutated in somatic tissues. read more Remarkably, Knudson described the existence and properties of a retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene a full 15 years before the gene was cloned.I am incredibly honored to receive the 2021 WICB Junior Award for Excellence in Research in WICB's golden jubilee year. In this essay, I traverse my scientific journey starting with my PhD, highlighting the highs and the lows and how these intersect with luck, privilege, and bias.If this was not happening in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, I imagine that I would be speaking these words instead of writing them on my laptop. Even so, I am so jazzed for this opportunity! No word or phrase describes what I am feeling in this moment in receiving the 2021 American Society for Cell Biology Prize for Excellence in Inclusivity. It is certainly an honor to be recognized in this way. I am grateful to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute for awarding me additional resources to keep on keeping on. My approach to finding the connection between people and their science certainly could use the monetary support. Resources open doors. At the same time that I am grateful for the attention, I am not exactly sure what to do with the spotlight. Importantly, there are a host of other folks out there also doing amazing things who have never been recognized. Let's work to ensure that their contributions are supported, appreciated, and recognized. Instead of focusing the spotlight on me, I would rather redirect it to recognize my foundational influences. I also hope to encourage the need for institutional approaches beyond celebrating individual accomplishment.I am honored to receive the E. E. Just Award. I applaud ASCB's commitment to recognizing the contributions of researchers from historically excluded racial and ethnic groups and appreciate my inclusion on a long list of accomplished peers. I also thank Barney Graham, who not only had a profound impact on my own career, but has a deep commitment to advancing unrepresented groups in the sciences. Finally, I thank my parents, for encouraging me to use my scholarship to excite change, for reminding me that anything is possible, and for advising me with tenderness along the way. As I recently went through a career transition, I found myself returning to much of my father's sage advice. In this essay, I discuss one important piece of advice that I received from my father in hopes that it will help others navigate their own career choices.Research has shown that individuals from diverse backgrounds and women are underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. A lack of identifiable role models/mentorship and poor mentoring experiences are a few cited factors that continue to limit increased diversity. As an underrepresented individual and a faculty member at a minority-serving institution, I strive to provide my students with a strong example, one that they can identify with. Part of my approach has been to develop mentoring pillars and strategies that seek to build relationships with my mentees and that aim to improve their research experience. This essay briefly describes my experiences as a mentor and the mentoring pillars I developed to promote a diverse and inclusive environment for my current and future mentees.