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Students will need to find creative ways to remain engaged with their courses and cocurricular activities.The pandemic has affected all walks of life and businesses, including education at all levels. Movement controls have forced the schools and universities to migrate the teaching and learning to be fully online. Some universities in large cities in Malyasia had already implemented blended learning and thus, were better prepared to adjust to the current situation. However, the universities, which practiced mainly traditional didactic courses, were struggling to suddenly change the mode of delivery. Many relied on the creativity of the lecturers and students.In a country with 1.3 billion population and about 1,000 universities and more than 50,000 higher education institutions and enrollment of 30 million students and a diverse demography, to find a single solution that can keep the teaching and learning process continued was a mammoth task. The focus was on engaging the students and completing the academic sessions. Having crossed the phase of teaching and learning, the institutions are now grappling as to how the examinations and progression of these students be considered. Learning from global experiences and a bit of innovation, this too has been overcome with methodologies that would have been unacceptable earlier. The challenge presently is the preparedness of higher education in the post pandemic period.An acceptable degree of digital literacy has always been present among the pharmacy teaching staff in Basel, with PowerPoint being the main vehicle to present teaching materials in front of full or half classes. Because cell phones became inseparable from students over the past years, mobile voting (movo.ch) or e-quizzes (mentimeter.com) have been regularly used to hold the attention of all students during collective teaching. Moreover, e-assessment on iPad® with the software BeAxi (www.k2prime.com) was introduced in 2012 and is currently used for all evaluations and exams. Suddenly over the night of March 16, 2020, our university, as all universities around the world, had to transfer all courses to an online format and to empower lecturers to teach from their home. This paper offers one perspective for how this digitial experiment unfolded at the University of Basel in Basel, Switzerland.The pharmacy degree at Monash University is a four year undergraduate Bachelor of Pharmacy with Honours (BPharm(Hons)), followed by a one year Master of Pharmacy incorporating a preregistration year of supervised practice, known in Australia as internship. The first cohort of the BPharm(Hons) will graduate in 2020. A key principle of the new curriculum was that clinical experiential placements should commence early in the curriculum, be fully integrated with the didactic curriculum, and prepare students for internship by developing their competence in performing useful and relevant tasks in the workplace. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) are used as the framework for their experiences.The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted pharmacists in a variety of ways, including increased workloads, reduced hours, and ever-changing recommendations for managing this unique infection. Bromelain ic50 Trainees, both students and residents, have also dealt with numerous challenges and changes during this pandemic.With more than 3 decades of experience in the institutional pharmacy field, Kevin Fearon steps into the role of the ASCP President with a keen desire to help pharmacy and business leaders collaborate toward a common goal of helping care for older people.In these unprecedented times, we need to examine how to adjust our industries and enterprises, including the interlinked areas of health and education, to better respond to the needs that have arisen with the ongoing pandemic.Ammonia control is an important characteristic of rodent bedding materials. Among natural bedding materials, corncobbedding provides excellent ammonia control but contains estrogenic compounds and is ingested by mice. By comparison,processed cellulose bedding products are biologically inert and harbor fewer bacteria but historically have shown low absorbencyor poor ammonia control. New cellulose products have been developed to address these shortcomings. Over a 2-wk period, we evaluated intracage ammonia levels in mouse IVC using 4 bedding types shaved aspen, corncob, virgin pelleted cellulose, and refined virgin diced cellulose. Ammonia levels were measured by using 3 methods colored reagent tubes, colorimetricpaper strips, and a photoionization detector. Corncob, pelleted cellulose, and diced cellulose showed better ammoniacontrol than aspen as early as 4 d after cage changing and throughout the 2-wk measurement period. In addition, pelletedand diced cellulose products resulted in lower ammonia levels than corncob at the end of the 14-d cage-change interval. Ourdata indicate that pelleted or refined diced cellulose are viable alternatives to natural bedding products in IVC to limit therisk of exposure of mice to high ammonia levels.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide. Currently no vaccine is available to prevent RSV infection, but virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can be given prophylactically, emphasizing the protective potential of antibodies. One concept of RSV vaccinology is mothers' immunization to induce high antibody titers, leading to passive transfer of high levels of maternal antibody to the fetus through the placenta and to the neonate through colostrum. Cotton rats are an excellent small animal model for RSV infection and have been used to test maternal immunization. To mechanistically understand antibody transfer in the cotton rat model, we characterized the cotton rat placenta and Fc receptor localization. Placentas from cotton rats at midgestation (approximately day 14) and at late gestation (approximately day 25) and neonatal (younger than 1 wk) gastrointestinal tracts were collected for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The cotton rat placenta is hemotrichorial and has 5 distinct layers decidua, junctional zone, labyrinth, chorionic plate, and yolk sac. Consistent with the transfer of maternal antibodies, the majority of the Fc receptors are present in the yolk sac endoderm and fetal capillary endothelium of the chorionic plate, involving 10% of the cells within the labyrinth. In addition, Fc receptors are present on duodenal and jejunal enterocytes in cotton rats, similar to humans, mice, and rats. These findings provide the structural basis for the pre- and postnatal transfer of maternal antibodies described in cotton rats.