Vegademir0065

The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is common in female athletes. The Triad is caused by low energy availability (EA), which is often difficult to measure and has been postulated to be associated with low iron status. Here, we explore whether markers of low iron status may be associated with indicators of low EA including Triad risk factors.

239 female NCAA Division I athletes completed pre-participation examinations that included Triad risk factors, medication/supplement use, diagnosis of anemia, and elected to complete dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure bone mineral density (BMD). Association of markers of low iron (defined as self-report of iron supplementation and/or history of anemia) with each component of the Triad risk assessment score were assessed by stratifying low iron status across different levels of Triad risk category. Differences across iron status groups were assessed using Fisher exact testing.

Every component of the Triad risk assessment score excluding delayed menarche was associated with low iron status. 11.5% of women reported low iron in the low-risk EA group, compared to 50% in the moderate-risk and 66.7% in the high-risk EA groups (P=0.02); respectively, these numbers were 11.6%, 25.0%, and 66.7% (P=0.02) for body mass index, 9.7%, 16.7%, and 25.0% (P<0.05) for oligomenorrhea, 10.3%, 45.5%, and 50.0% (P<0.01) for BMD, and 10.4%, 20.8%, and 30.8% (P=0.03) for history of stress reaction or fracture. Lean/endurance athletes were more likely to have low iron status than other athletes (15.5% vs. 3.4%, P=0.02).

Markers for low iron status were associated with Triad risk factors. Our study suggests that female athletes with history of anemia or iron supplementation may require further screening for low EA.

Markers for low iron status were associated with Triad risk factors. Our study suggests that female athletes with history of anemia or iron supplementation may require further screening for low EA.

To determine the relationship between age of first exposure (AFE) to repetitive head impacts (RHI) through contact/collision sports and patient-reported outcomes in community rugby players.

We recruited community rugby players over the age of 18 with at least 1-year of contact rugby participation to complete an online survey. Participants completed the Brief-Symptoms Inventory 18 (BSI-18), Short Form Health Survey 12 (SF-12), and Satisfaction with Life Survey (SWLS) via Qualtrics. We used generalized linear models to examine the association between AFE (continuous) and patient-reported outcomes by sex, while controlling for cumulative years contact/collision sport history, age, and concussion history (yes/no). Additionally, we used Mann-Whitney U tests to compare patient-reported outcomes between AFE <12 and AFE >12.

1,037 rugby players [31.6 + 11.3 years (range 18-74), 59.1% men] participated in this study. Whether analyzed continuously or dichotomously at age 12, younger AFE was not associated with worse patient-reported outcomes for either men or women. Positive concussion history was a significant predictor of worse BSI-18 sub-scores, SF-12 sub-scores, and SWLS in women and worse BSI-18 sub-scores in men. Cumulative contact/collision sport history was a significant predictor of better BSI-18 Depression and SF-12 (Mental Component Summary, MCS) sub-scores in men only. In men and women, older age was a significant predictor of better BSI-18 Depression, Anxiety, and GSI sub-scores, better SWLS (in men only), and better SF-12 MCS, but worse SF-12 (Physical Component Summary).

Younger AFE to contact/collision sport is not associated with worse patient-reported outcomes in early adult rugby players. Concussion history was predictive of worse patient-reported outcomes.

Younger AFE to contact/collision sport is not associated with worse patient-reported outcomes in early adult rugby players. Concussion history was predictive of worse patient-reported outcomes.

This study aimed to investigate if performance measures are related to success in professional cycling and to highlight the influence of work done on these performance measures and success.

Power output data from 26 professional cyclists, in total 85 seasons, collected between 2012-2019, were analysed. selleck The cyclists were classified as 'climber' or 'sprinter' and into category.1 (CAT.1) (≥400PSCpoints [successful]) and CAT.2 (<400PSCpoints [less successful]), based on the number of procyclingstats-points collected for that particular season (PSCpoints). Maximal mean power output (MMP) for 20min, 5min, 1min and 10sec relative to bodyweight for every season were determined. To investigate the influence of prior work done on these MMPs, six different work done levels were determined which are based on a certain amount of completed kilojoules per kilogram (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50kJ·kg-1). Subsequently, the decline in MMP for each duration (if any) after these work done levels was evaluated.

Repeated-measuofessional cycling.

Exercise training has anti-atherogenic impacts on conduit and resistance artery function and structure in humans and induces angiogenic changes in skeletal muscle. However, training-induced adaptation in cutaneous microvessels is poorly understood, partly due to technological limitations. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel high resolution imaging technique capable of visualising cutaneous microvasculature at a resolution of ~30μm. We utilised OCT to visualise the impacts of training on cutaneous microvessels, alongside assessment of conduit artery flow mediated dilation (FMD).

We assessed brachial FMD and cutaneous microcirculatory responses at rest and in response to local heating and reactive hyperaemia; pre- and post-training in 8 healthy men compared to age-matched untrained controls (n=8). Participants in the training group underwent supervised cycling at 80% HRmax, 3x/week for 8 weeks.

We found a significant interaction (P=0.04), whereby increase in FMD was observed after training (postle exercise training improves larger artery function, this was not accompanied by unequivocal evidence for cutaneous microvascular adaptation in young healthy subjects.Changes in running gait may contribute to injury risk, but currently this research is restricted to lab settings due to limitations with currently available and used technology.

The purpose of this study was to determine if peak ground reaction force (GRF), loading rate (LR) and impulse metrics change across an outdoor run using force sensing insoles. We hypothesize that over the course of the run there would be a decline in limb symmetry for all measures and a decrease in LR and GRF values.

30 healthy participants (15 male, 15 female) were recruited for a 2 visit study during which a 2 or 4 mile run was completed on the first visit and the other run distance was completed on the second visit (order was randomized). Force data was collected at 100Hz for the duration of the run. Peak GRF, impulse, LR and limb symmetry indices (LSI) of these variables were calculated at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the run.

GRF decreased over the course of the runs, but the GRF LSI remained unchanged. No changes in LR were detectes should investigate the impact of outdoor fatigue protocols and various types of terrain on force metrics and potential injury risk factors.

This study assessed beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration during a short-term fast and the degree to which an initial bout of exercise influences the rate of ketogenesis.

20 subjects (11 Male, 9 Female) completed two 36-hour fasts, with one protocol requiring the subject to complete a treadmill exercise session at the beginning of the fast. BHB levels were assessed via portable meter every two hours, along with mood and hunger ratings. Venipuncture was performed every 12 hours.

The mean area under the curve (AUC) for BHB concentration was 19.19 (SD 2.59) mmol/L (nonexercised) and 27.49 (SD 2.59) mmol/L (exercised), yielding a 8.30 mmol/L difference between conditions (95% PPI = 1.94 to 14.82, PP = 0.99). The mean time to BHB concentration of 0.5 mmol/L was 21.07 (SD 2.95) hours (nonexercised) and 17.5 (SD 1.69) hours (exercised), a 3.57 hour difference (95% PPI = -2.11 to 10.87, PP = 0.89). The difference in AUC between conditions for insulin was 5.07 μU/ml (95% PPI = -21.64 to 36.18, PP = 0.67), for glucagon was 97.13 pg/ml (95% PPI = 34.08 to 354.21, PP = 0.98), and for the insulinglucagon ratio was 20.83 (95% PPI = 4.70 to 24.22, PP = 0.99).

Completing aerobic exercise at the beginning of a fast accelerates the production of BHB throughout the fast without altering subjective feelings of hunger, thirst, stomach discomfort or mood. Insulin and the insulinglucagon ratio experience marked reduction within the first 12 hours of fasting and was not altered with exercise. Thus, exercising at the beginning of a fast may improve the metabolic outcomes of fasting.

Completing aerobic exercise at the beginning of a fast accelerates the production of BHB throughout the fast without altering subjective feelings of hunger, thirst, stomach discomfort or mood. Insulin and the insulinglucagon ratio experience marked reduction within the first 12 hours of fasting and was not altered with exercise. Thus, exercising at the beginning of a fast may improve the metabolic outcomes of fasting.

Patch testing with the European Baseline Series (EBS) is an essential diagnostic tool for the assessment of allergic contact dermatitis.

The aims of the study were to describe the most common contact allergens identified with patch testing in Turkey and to establish the distribution of contact allergens among different regions in Turkey.

Twelve centers consisting of tertiary health care institutions were included in the study. A total of 1169 patients were patch tested with the EBS from 2015 to 2017.

A total of 596 patients (51.0%) had 1 or more positive patch test reactions to the EBS. A total of 30.2% (n = 353) of those tested had clinical relevance. Contact sensitivity was more common in young patients. The most common 10 allergens were nickel sulfate (20.4%), followed by textile dye mix (8.6%), cobalt chloride (8.3%), potassium dichromate (8.0%), p-phenylenediamine base (4.5%), balsam of Peru (4.3%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (3.8%), thiuram mix (3.6%), fragrance mix I (3.0%), and methylisothiazolinone (2.9%).

This study provides a comprehensive profile of patch test results with the EBS in Turkey. An ongoing decrease in contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone was observed. Textile dye mix and p-phenylenediamine are beginning to pose a new risk in Turkey.

This study provides a comprehensive profile of patch test results with the EBS in Turkey. An ongoing decrease in contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone was observed. Textile dye mix and p-phenylenediamine are beginning to pose a new risk in Turkey.

The objective is to evaluate the effect of limiting shoulder range of motion (ROM) for 15 or 30 days on surgical complications and on shoulder ROM, pain, and upper limb function of breast cancer patients following conservative oncoplastic surgery.

A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 60 women with breast cancer who underwent conservative oncoplastic surgery. The day after surgery, all patients started an exercise protocol with shoulder exercises limited to 90 degrees. Two weeks after surgery they were randomized into Free ROM Group (n=30) or Limited ROM Group (n=30). The Free ROM Group was allowed to perform shoulder exercises with unlimited ROM; the Limited ROM Group continued with shoulder movement restricted at 90 degrees until 30 days after surgery, at which time they were also allowed free ROM. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications (dehiscence, seroma, infection, and necrosis) and secondary outcomes were shoulder ROM, pain, and upper limb function.

No difference in the incidence of postoperative scar complications between groups was noted.