Vegacooley3059

This study examined nurses' attitudes towards death, anxiety levels, and socio-demographic characteristics affecting their attitudes towards death. Three hundred and eighty-four nurses participated in the study. A questionnaire form, the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire were applied to the nurses. Nurses' attitudes towards death were positive and their level of fear of death was low. Approach acceptance was high in younger ones; the escape acceptance score was higher in single ones. The neutral acceptance score was higher in those who received training on death. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between nurses' anxiety level and escape acceptance score. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the length of working years of nurses and the escape acceptance and approach acceptance. Nurses should be prepared for and supported on death with in-service training. It will be useful to provide these training programs to nursing students during their education process.Emerging evidence supports a link between environmental factors-including air pollution and chemical exposures, climate, and the built environment-and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity. Climate, air pollution, and the built environment have long been recognized to influence viral respiratory infections, and studies have established similar associations with COVID-19 outcomes. More limited evidence links chemical exposures to COVID-19. Environmental factors were found to influence COVID-19 through four major interlinking mechanisms increased risk of preexisting conditions associated with disease severity; immune system impairment; viral survival and transport; and behaviors that increase viral exposure. Both data and methodologic issues complicate the investigation of these relationships, including reliance on coarse COVID-19 surveillance data; gaps in mechanistic studies; and the predominance of ecological designs. We evaluate the strength of evidence for environment-COVID-19 relationships and discuss environmental actions that might simultaneously address the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental determinants of health, and health disparities.In a context where epidemiologic research has been heavily influenced by a biomedical and individualistic approach, the naming of "social epidemiology" allowed explicit emphasis on the social production of disease as a powerful explanatory paradigm and as critically important for interventions to improve population health. This review briefly highlights key substantive areas of focus in social epidemiology over the past 30 years, reflects on major advances and insights, and identifies challenges and possible future directions. Future opportunities for social epidemiology include grounding research in theoretically based and systemic conceptual models of the fundamental social drivers of health; implementing a scientifically rigorous yet realistic approach to drawing conclusions about social causes; using complementary methods to generate valid explanations and identify effective actions; leveraging the power of harmonization, replication, and big data; extending interdisciplinarity and diversity; advancing emerging critical approaches to understanding the health impacts of systemic racism and its policy implications; going global; and embracing a broad approach to generating socially useful research.Designing for dissemination and sustainability (D4DS) refers to principles and methods for enhancing the fit between a health program, policy, or practice and the context in which it is intended to be adopted. In this article we first summarize the historical context of D4DS and justify the need to shift traditional health research and dissemination practices. We present a diverse literature according to a D4DS organizing schema and describe a variety of dissemination products, design processes and outcomes, and approaches to messaging, packaging, and distribution. D4DS design processes include stakeholder engagement, participatory codesign, and context and situation analysis, and leverage methods and frameworks from dissemination and implementation science, marketing and business, communications and visualarts, and systems science. Finally, we present eight recommendations to adopt a D4DS paradigm, reflecting shifts in ways of thinking, skills and approaches, and infrastructure and systems for training and evaluation.The shared challenges posed by the production and distribution of health-harming products have led to growing recognition of the need for policy learning and transfer across problems, populations, and social contexts. The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) can serve as a unifying concept to describe the population health consequences arising from for-profit actors and activities, along with the social structures that sustain them. Strategies to mitigate harms from CDoH have focused on behavioral change, regulation, fiscal policies, consumer and citizen activism, and litigation. While there is evidence of effective measures for each strategy, approaches that combine strategies are generally more impactful. Filling gaps in evidence can inform ways of adapting these strategies to specific populations and social contexts. Overall, CDoH are addressed most effectively not through siloed efforts to reduce consumption of health-harming products, but instead as a set of integrated strategies to reduce exposures to health-harming commercial actors and activities.

Prior literature has indicated that the number of trained otolaryngologists required to meet the need of our growing population may be insufficient. Therefore, identifying trends in the subspecialty composition of future otolaryngology practices will elucidate workforce needs.

One-page anonymous questionnaire.

The survey was completed by examinees at the conclusion of their American Board of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery oral examination from 2011 to 2019.

Data included age, gender, fellowship, practice type, and ideal future practice components.

A total of 2286 examinees were included 58.1% were male and 57.2% completed a fellowship. Ideal practice specialties included general otolaryngology (19%), rhinology (15%), head and neck (13%), and pediatrics (11%). General and pediatric otolaryngology had a negative correlation over time (

= -0.81,

= .01, and

= -0.75,

= .03, respectively). An overall 45% of graduates reported 1 ideal practice area (

= 0.61,

= .10), with a statistically significant decline in the number of ideal practice areas over time (

= -0.79,

= .018). Men more commonly reported allergy, head and neck, otology, rhinology, and sleep medicine as part of their ideal practice (

< .05), while women more commonly reported pediatric otolaryngology (

< .05). There was a higher mean number of ideal practice areas among men than women (2.58 vs 2.1,

< .001).

There is a growing trend for more specialized otolaryngology practices. Lirafugratinib chemical structure The data demonstrate a decline in considering general and pediatrics otolaryngology as part of practices, which portends a gap in access to comprehensive otolaryngology in the future.

There is a growing trend for more specialized otolaryngology practices. The data demonstrate a decline in considering general and pediatrics otolaryngology as part of practices, which portends a gap in access to comprehensive otolaryngology in the future.The purpose of this study was to explore the function of the MarR family regulator slnO. Additionally, a high-yield strain of salinomycin was constructed using combined regulation strategies. First, the slnO gene overexpression strain (GO) was constructed in Streptomyces albus. Compared to the wild-type (WT) strain, salinomycin production in the GO strain increased by approximately 28%. Electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays (EMSAs) confirmed that the SlnO protein can bind specifically to the intergenic regions of slnN-slnO, slnQ-slnA1, and slnF-slnT. qRT-PCR experiments also showed that slnA1, slnF, and slnT1 were significantly upregulated, whereas the expression level of the slnN gene was downregulated in the GO strain. Second, the slnN gene deletion strain (slnNDM) was used as the starting strain, and the pathway-specific gene slnR in the salinomycin gene cluster was overexpressed in slnNDM. This new strain was named ZJUS01. The yield of salinomycin in the ZJUS01 strain was 25% and 56% higher than those in the slnNDM and WT strains, respectively. The above results indicate that the slnO gene has a positive regulatory effect on the biosynthesis of salinomycin. Meanwhile, the yield of salinomycin can be greatly increased by manipulating multiple transcriptional regulations.In the past two decades, machine learning potentials (MLPs) have reached a level of maturity that now enables applications to large-scale atomistic simulations of a wide range of systems in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Different machine learning algorithms have been used with great success in the construction of these MLPs. In this review, we discuss an important group of MLPs relying on artificial neural networks to establish a mapping from the atomic structure to the potential energy. In spite of this common feature, there are important conceptual differences among MLPs, which concern the dimensionality of the systems, the inclusion of long-range electrostatic interactions, global phenomena like nonlocal charge transfer, and the type of descriptor used to represent the atomic structure, which can be either predefined or learnable. A concise overview is given along with a discussion of the open challenges in the field.Our global population is growing at a pace to exceed 10 billion people by the year 2050. This growth will place pressure on the agricultural production of food to feed the hungry masses. One category that will be strained is protein. Per capita protein consumption is rising in virtually every country for both nutritional reasons and consumption enjoyment. The United Nations estimates protein demand will double by 2050, and this will result in a critical overall protein shortage if drastic changes are not made in the years preceding these changes. Therefore, the world is in the midst of identifying technological breakthroughs to make protein more readily available and sustainable for future generations. One protein sourcing category that has grown in the past decade is plant-based proteins, which seem to fit criteria established by discerning consumers, including healthy, sustainable, ethical, and relatively inexpensive. Although demand for plant-based protein continues to increase, these proteins are challenging to utilize in novel food formulations.The transcription regulator ID2 plays an essential role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Here, we report that ID2 also negatively regulates antiviral innate immune responses. During viral infection of human epithelial cells, ID2 bound to TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and to inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase ε (IKKε). These interactions inhibited the recruitment and activation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) by TBK1 or IKKε, leading to a reduction in the expression of IFN-β1 (IFNB1). IFN-β induced the nuclear export of ID2 to form a negative feedback loop. Knocking out ID2 in human cells enhanced innate immune responses and suppressed infection by different viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Mice with a myeloid-specific deficiency of ID2 produced more IFN-α in response to viral infection and were more resistant to viral infection than wild-type mice. Our findings not only establish ID2 as a modulator of IRF3 activation induced by TBK1 and/or IKKε but also introduce a mechanism for cross-talk between innate immunity and cell development and differentiation.